Question

高一英语 选择题 望详细解释

In my opinion, the best friend is one _____your sorrows and joys
A with which to share
B with whom to share
C with whom share
D with which sharing

Answer 1

In my opinion, the best friend is one _____your sorrows and joys
A with which to share
B with whom to share
C with whom share
D with which sharing
答：B
译：在我看来，最好的朋友是一个可以与他分享快乐，分担忧伤的人。
析：确切地说，one后面跟的不是一个定语从句，而是一个不定式的复合结构，由介词(with)+关系代词(whom) +不定式 组成。实质上相当于一个定语从句：with whom you can share your sorrows and joys.

我原来回答过一个近似问题，可作参考：
看一本语法书上介绍He has no house in which to live是对的，然介词in放后面
He has no house which to live in却不对，为什么不对？
答：这个问题不错！不太好回答。光说习惯是不能服人的。
首先，我们知道，He has no house 后面跟的是一个定语。
用定语从句：
He has no house where he can live.
He has no house in which he can live.
He has no house which he can live in.
这三种说法都是正确的。
其次我们知道，英语中有疑问不定式：wh-词+不定式，可以作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句，如：
I don't know what to do. =I don't know what I should do. 我不知道该做什么。
I don't know where to live. =I don't know where I should live. 我不知道该住哪里。
同时，我们也见过一种介词+which +不定式的“特殊不定式”可以作定语，相当于一个定语从句的用法，这样的考题也是有的：
Now I’ll present the facts ____C______.
A. on which to be based my opinion B. which to base my opinion on
C. upon which to base my opinion D. which to base my opinion upon

We need more actual facts on which to base our arguments
=We need more actual facts on which we can base our arguments
至于这个相当于一个定语从句的作后置定语的“特殊不定式”为什么可以用介词+which +不定式，而不用which+不定式+in, 除了习惯（我们没有见到别人这么用过）以外，也可以去理解：
in which =where, in which to live =where to live, 这是大家熟悉的一种疑问不定式的变体。
用了介词+which后，大家知道之间的关系，用不定式是偷懒，从定语从句变过来的。
但介词方到了which之后，一方面一下子不知道两者之间的关系，另一方面以为后面的是一个定语从句。至于which he can live in 这个定语从句，为什么不能简化为whcih to live in, 就说不清楚了。
只能说：因为大家都不这么说，所以不能这么说。

Answer 2

B
动词不定式作定语，放在被修饰的名词之后，它与被修饰的名词之间，可以是主谓关系，也可以是动宾关系，这时的动词不定式称为反射不定式，如：
Give me something to eat.
i didn't have chance to speak English in Japan.
Amy was the only woman to remember my birthday.
反射不定式也可以是不定式加介系词的结构，这里的介系词是不能省略的，比如：
I have my parents to take care of.
I need a knife to cut it with.
这种动词不定式作定语，也可以用类似定语从句的结构写，即把介系词提前，指人用关系代词的宾格whom，指物用关系代词which，因为关系代词在介系词的后面，所以只能用这两个关系代词，不能用关系代词who或that，然后再加动词不定式，所以上面的第二句可以写成：
I need a knife with which to cut it.
但是如果动词不定式里的介系词和动词已经构成一个短语动词，则不能用这种结构，上面的第一句就不能改成I have my parents of whom to take care的结构。在这里属于动词不定式作定语时介系词提前的用法，因为这个“朋友”是指人的，所以要用关系代词whom，再接上一个带to的动词不定式，而现在分词、过去分词作定语时，是没有这个用法的，所以C不对，这道题目的正确答案只能选择B。希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

Answer 3

答案选B with whom to share

这是考察定语从句中介词提前的用法。

如果是动词短语，介词不能提前。如：He is the man that / whom your mother took care of last month.如不是固定搭配的词，可放前，也可放后。如：He is the man that I talked with just now.He is the man with whom I talked just now.

此处可提前也可不提前。题中是介词提前的用法。

为什么选B，而不选C？考察的是动词不定式做定语表修饰的用法。
用作定语的动词不定式一般都位于被修饰的名词之后。
例如：I have so much homework to do today.　　
I cant think of any good advice to give her. 　　

个人见解，仅供参考啦~~

Answer 4

选B。

介词with后接“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，构成“介宾结构”。

因为对象是人，所以选whom。

Answer 5

选B 选项还原后应该是 the best friends is one to share with 因为先行词是friends 所以连接词是whom/who 而此时是宾语 所以把连接词whom提出来 就是B选项