Question

如何讲解定语从句

Answer 1

　　 一、定义： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。 单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的'词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：

　　1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

　　2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

　　引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：

　　1、引导定语从句

　　2、代替先行词

　　3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

　 　二、关系代词引导的定语从句

　　1、who指人，在从句中做主语

　　(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

　　(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

　　2.、whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

　　(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

　　(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

　　3、which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

　　 三、定语从句的结构： 在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时间，地点，原因状语。

　　结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。

　　1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.

　　2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.

　　3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.

　　4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.

　　5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.

　　6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.