Question

求∫√(1+t^2)dt的极限

Answer 1

令t=tan[x],
∫√(1+t^2) dt
= ∫sec[x]d(tan[x])
= sec[x]tan[x] - ∫tan[x]d(sec[x])
= sec[x]tan[x] - ∫tan[x](tan[x]sec[x])dx
= sec[x]tan[x] - ∫(sec[x]sec[x]-1)sec[x]dx
= sec[x]tan[x] - ∫sec[x]d(tan[x])dx + ∫sec[x]dx
所以∫sec[x]d(tan[x]) =1/2sec[x]tan[x]+ 1/2∫sec[x]dx
其中∫sec[x]dx = ∫sec[x]{sec[x]+tan[x]}/{sec[x]+tan[x]} dx
= ∫d{tan[x]+sec[x]}/{sec[x]+tan[x]}
= ln{sec[x]+tan[x]}
所以∫sec[x]d(tan[x]) =1/2sec[x]tan[x]+ 1/2ln{sec[x]+tan[x]} + C
代回得,
∫√(1+t^2) dt
= t√(1+t^2) /2 + 1/2ln{t+√(1+t^2) }+ C