Question

宾语从句三原则

Answer 1

我可不知道有什么所谓的三原则 是指 引导词 语序 和时态吧 姑且这么理解 告诉你一口诀吧 很有用的
宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采.
展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关.
主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变.
陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连.
特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换.
三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意.
留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间.
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句.如：
We knew （that）we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句.如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
3. 由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句.如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?
二、三关
1. 引导词关
如果从句是陈述句,引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句,引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词.
2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序.如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序.如：
Does he work hard?I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave?I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定.如：
I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态,那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态.如：
He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时,不管主句是什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时.如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称,不用变化.如：
“May I use your knife?”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number?”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定.主句是陈述句,用句号；主句是疑问句,用问号.如：
Who will give us a talk?I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know?Where does he live?→Do you know where he lives?
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句,又能引导宾语从句.因此,遇到它们就要认真分析一下,它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副.如：
If it rains tomorrow,I won’t come.（时间状语从句）
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）
五、从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式.如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构.如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构.如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?
“当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式.如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.”
补充：
宾语从句就是一个句子在复合句中作动词或介词的宾语,在主句与从句之间有一个引导词,其结构为“主语+谓语动词+引导词+主语+谓语+其 它”.
主句 宾语从句
焦点一：宾语从句的引导词
1. 宾语从句具有陈述意义时用that引导.that无具体意思,不作任何成分,因此在口语或非正式文体中常常被省略.如：
She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk. 她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上.
● 从句的主语是that时,that不能省略；主从句之间有插入语时,that不能省略；若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句,且由并列连词连 接时,只有第一个连词that可以省去,其余保留.如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着,它过去是演戏用的.
He thought that that was a washing machine. 他认为那是一台洗衣机.
My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来,还要带她的女儿来.
2. 当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,用if或whether来引导从句,意为“是否”.如：
Alice wanted to know if / whether her grandmother liked the bag. 艾丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包.
在下列几种情况下,只能用whether, 不能用if:
● 当or not 紧随连词之后时.如：
I don't know whether or not he will come on time. 我不知道他能否按时来.
● 从句用作介词宾语时.如：
I am interested in whether he joined the army. 我对他是否入伍很感兴趣.
● 在带to的动词不定式前.如：
She doesn't know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视.
● 当宾语从句移至句首表强调时.如：
Whether this is true or not, I'm not sure. 这是否真实,我不敢肯定.
3. 宾语从句具有特殊疑问含义时用连接代（副）词引导,它们在宾语从句中充当一定成分,因此不能省略.如：
Did you hear what he said? 你听见他说的话了吗?（作宾语）
I don't know whose that is. 我不知道那是谁的.（作表语）
Could you tell me how I get to the post office? 你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗?（作状语）
焦点二：宾语从句的语序
无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句,也无论主从句间是什么引导词,宾语从句一律用陈述语序,即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”.如：
Could you tell me? / Where does Wei Fang live?
→Could you tell me where Wei Fang lives?
● 当疑问代词who, what等在从句中作主语时,语序本来就是陈述语序,故语序不再变化.如：
Who will give us a talk? Please tell us.
→Please tell us who will give us a talk.
焦点三：宾语从句的时态
● 如果主句是祈使句或主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,则宾语从句可根据句意的需要而选用任何一种时态；若主句是一般过去时 ,宾语从句用表示过去的某种时态.
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他.
My father said that he was mending his bike. 我父亲说他正在修理自行车.
● 如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等,不论主句用何 种时态,从句一律用一般现在时.如：
The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 老师告诉我们光比声音传播快.
He said time is money. 他说时间就是金钱.
焦点四：宾语从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, choose, wish, decide 等,其后用that引导的宾语从句,若主从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结 构.如：
He agreed that he could help me with my English. → He agreed to help me with my English.
2． 当主句谓语动词为see, hear, watch, find等词时,其后that宾语从句常简化为“宾语+宾语补定语”结构,宾补多为不带to的不定式或 动词的现在分词.如：
I heard that she sang some songs in the next room. → I heard her sing some songs in the next room.
3． 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时,可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构.如：
I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do.
Can you tell me how I get to the hospital? → Can you tell me how to get to the hospital?
焦点五：宾语从句的否定转移
当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe等词时,并且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来.如：
I don't believe that he will come tomorrow. 我相信他明天不会来.
好的话多给点分 不好的话权当娱乐了