Question

高三一模语法题，求帮助！谢谢

30. After the Arab states won their independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ______________.
A. to be encouraged B. been encouraged
C. being encouraged D. be encouraged
答案为C, 求解释与翻译，谢谢
33. There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently_______________ what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic. A. giving B. gave C. to give D. given
答案为A, 求解释与翻译，谢谢

Answer 1

with girls as well as boys being encouraged 这个结构中因with是介词，后面用动名词，又因为girls和动词encourage是被动关系所以用动名词的被动式。being encouraged做介词的宾语的补语即宾补。句子意思是：在阿拉伯的几个州获得独立后重点放在扩大教育上，除了男孩女孩也被鼓励（上学）再如 With my car being repaired, I have to go to work by bus.
33 giving是现在分词做定语修饰前面名词 remark 。且remark和give之间是主动关系所以用现在分词，句子意思：我最近读了一个英国人写的一本书中的一句话给出了他认为的美国特色的理由。

再如 The boy standing at the door is my brother.

Answer 2

30题，是个特定的搭配，with结构，with+sth+分词结构，而且这个encourage是伴随着前面的那个动作同时发生的，所以用ing形式。你可以多看看with结构，这是个一类的知识点。
31 空格前面是一句话，意思是，我最近读的一本英国人写的书有一处有趣的标记。后面是一个句子，句子开头不能用动词的原型，所以B排除，C表示的是目的状语，D答案包含了被动和过去的意思，结合整个句子，后面的应该是个伴随的意思，是对‘remark’的解释，没有被动的意思