中考英语时态总结
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一、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:
A. 过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
例如:I was reading the book at that time. (未读完,“读”的片段);I read the book yesterday. (已读完,表整个“读”)。
B.一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用。
例如:He was writing a letter the whole afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复、连续发生,不可用一般过去时)。
C.while 引导的时间状语从句中,用短暂动词时只能用进行时。例如:He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
二、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)。
A.表心理状态、情感的动词:love 、hate、like、care、respect 、please、prefer、know 等。若用进行时则词意改变。例如:I’m for get ting it . (=beginning to forget )。
B.表存在、状态的动词,如:appear、exist、lie、remain、stand、seem等。
C.表感觉的动词see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste
D.表一时性的动词accept、allow、admit、decide、end、refuse、promise等。
[示例] 考题1 As she ____the newspaper,Granny ____ asleep .
A. read /was falling B .was reading /fell
C. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell .
分析: 时间从句的动作长,而“入睡”动作短,故前者用过去进行时,而较短动词用一般过去时,选B。
考题2 Tom ___ into the house when no one ___ .
A. slipped/was looking B. Had slipped /looked
C. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /looked.
分析:此题先要理解好when,表“此时”,说明主句中slipped是较短行为,而look是较长行为的片断,即汤姆溜进房子,此时没人瞧见,故选A为正确。
三、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
一般过去时只表示过去某时发生的动作和状态。现在完成时则强调到目前为止动作的完成和结果,与现在的情况有联系,对现在也有影响。
需要特别注意的是:
A.刚做过的事,用现在完成时态,当说明或者询问做事的时间、地点时,要用一般过去时。例如he has watched the football match. She watched it last Saturday. 她看了那场足球赛,她是上周六看的。
B.have / has been to a place. 表示某人曾经去过或者到过某地。have / has gone to a place表示某人说话时已经离开此地,或在去某地的路途中或者已经到了某地。例如:Frank has gone to Tibet. 弗兰克已经去西藏了。Frank has been to Tibet twice. 弗兰克已经去过西藏2次了。
经典考题:---Is that Jack speaking? ---Sorry, he isn"t in right now. He______ the cinema with his aunt.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. have been to D. have gone to
(显然Jack不在现场,答案选B)
四、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别:
过去完成时与现在完成时两者的用法基本相同,但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点, 而过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点,与现在无关,是过去的过去。
I have finisheed my homework. (表示说话时作业已经做完了)
By four o’clock, I had finished my homework.
初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在语法上的区别:如ie, arrive, come, go, join, leave, buy, begin, get, start, become, borrow 等均为瞬间动词,在现在完成时态中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has joined the army.他参军了。He has been in the army for a year.他参军已经一年了。(换成可以延续的动词)He joined the army a year ago.(用过去时)
经典考题:LinLin has come. He_____ here for half an hour.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. has gone D. has been
(把come转化成be here, 答案选D)
五、三种一般将来时的区别
1.will +动词原形构成的将来时表示主观意愿,未经事先精心计划或打算.可用于各种人称.
Eg1. There is someone at the door. I will go and open it .
Eg2. Who will go and help that poor old man ?
2.be going to +动词原形强调计划,安排要发生的事或有迹象要发生的事.
Eg1.He is going to buy a new car next week.
Eg2.Look at the dark clouds, I think it is going to rain soon.
3.shall +动词原形构成的将来时主语通常是I或 we并且在肯定句中常被will +动词原形构成的将来时代替,但在疑问句中Shall I…../ Shall we…..? 常用来征求对方意见.
Eg1. Shall I /we going fishing tomorrow?
Eg2. When shall we meet?
4.用于条件句时, be going to 表将来;will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you"d better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
六、“过去时态”与“宾语从句”(直接引语变间接引语)
宾语从句有三个要点:
1.语序:一律使用陈述语序,也就是:(主句)+ 连词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语+...
2.引导词
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)
3.时态
如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时;
例:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。)
如果主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。
例:The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)
直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
下面,我们来看看,在主句是过去时的情况下,从直接引语变为间接引语的时候,时态都有怎样的变化呢?
时态变化
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
一、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:
A. 过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
例如:I was reading the book at that time. (未读完,“读”的片段);I read the book yesterday. (已读完,表整个“读”)。
B.一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用。
例如:He was writing a letter the whole afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复、连续发生,不可用一般过去时)。
C.while 引导的时间状语从句中,用短暂动词时只能用进行时。例如:He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
二、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)。
A.表心理状态、情感的动词:love 、hate、like、care、respect 、please、prefer、know 等。若用进行时则词意改变。例如:I’m for get ting it . (=beginning to forget )。
B.表存在、状态的动词,如:appear、exist、lie、remain、stand、seem等。
C.表感觉的动词see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste
D.表一时性的动词accept、allow、admit、decide、end、refuse、promise等。
[示例] 考题1 As she ____the newspaper,Granny ____ asleep .
A. read /was falling B .was reading /fell
C. Was reading /was falling D. read/fell .
分析: 时间从句的动作长,而“入睡”动作短,故前者用过去进行时,而较短动词用一般过去时,选B。
考题2 Tom ___ into the house when no one ___ .
A. slipped/was looking B. Had slipped /looked
C. slipped/had looked D. was slipping /looked.
分析:此题先要理解好when,表“此时”,说明主句中slipped是较短行为,而look是较长行为的片断,即汤姆溜进房子,此时没人瞧见,故选A为正确。
三、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
一般过去时只表示过去某时发生的动作和状态。现在完成时则强调到目前为止动作的完成和结果,与现在的情况有联系,对现在也有影响。
需要特别注意的是:
A.刚做过的事,用现在完成时态,当说明或者询问做事的时间、地点时,要用一般过去时。例如he has watched the football match. She watched it last Saturday. 她看了那场足球赛,她是上周六看的。
B.have / has been to a place. 表示某人曾经去过或者到过某地。have / has gone to a place表示某人说话时已经离开此地,或在去某地的路途中或者已经到了某地。例如:Frank has gone to Tibet. 弗兰克已经去西藏了。Frank has been to Tibet twice. 弗兰克已经去过西藏2次了。
经典考题:---Is that Jack speaking? ---Sorry, he isn"t in right now. He______ the cinema with his aunt.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. have been to D. have gone to
(显然Jack不在现场,答案选B)
四、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别:
过去完成时与现在完成时两者的用法基本相同,但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点, 而过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点,与现在无关,是过去的过去。
I have finisheed my homework. (表示说话时作业已经做完了)
By four o’clock, I had finished my homework.
初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在语法上的区别:如ie, arrive, come, go, join, leave, buy, begin, get, start, become, borrow 等均为瞬间动词,在现在完成时态中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has joined the army.他参军了。He has been in the army for a year.他参军已经一年了。(换成可以延续的动词)He joined the army a year ago.(用过去时)
经典考题:LinLin has come. He_____ here for half an hour.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. has gone D. has been
(把come转化成be here, 答案选D)
五、三种一般将来时的区别
1.will +动词原形构成的将来时表示主观意愿,未经事先精心计划或打算.可用于各种人称.
Eg1. There is someone at the door. I will go and open it .
Eg2. Who will go and help that poor old man ?
2.be going to +动词原形强调计划,安排要发生的事或有迹象要发生的事.
Eg1.He is going to buy a new car next week.
Eg2.Look at the dark clouds, I think it is going to rain soon.
3.shall +动词原形构成的将来时主语通常是I或 we并且在肯定句中常被will +动词原形构成的将来时代替,但在疑问句中Shall I…../ Shall we…..? 常用来征求对方意见.
Eg1. Shall I /we going fishing tomorrow?
Eg2. When shall we meet?
4.用于条件句时, be going to 表将来;will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you"d better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
六、“过去时态”与“宾语从句”(直接引语变间接引语)
宾语从句有三个要点:
1.语序:一律使用陈述语序,也就是:(主句)+ 连词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语+...
2.引导词
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)
3.时态
如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时;
例:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。)
如果主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。
例:The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)
直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
下面,我们来看看,在主句是过去时的情况下,从直接引语变为间接引语的时候,时态都有怎样的变化呢?
时态变化
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
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