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4.3 Labor Use Intensity and Land Size
Part-time agricultural workers, who worked mainly in agriculture, but not fulltime accounted of 16 – 23% of the total family workers per household. Some of them are also involved in part-time non-agricultural activities. According to the Census, all household members are asked to report how long in 1996 that they engaged in agricultural and non-agricultural activities, respectively. There are six time ranges for workers to choose for both agricultural and non-agricultural activities in six ranges: 0 month, 0 - 1 month, 1 - 2 months, 2 - 4 months, 4 - 6 months, and more than 6 months of a year. There are 36 different combinations for time spending among all labor employment categories. We further converted all part-time agricultural employment into full-time. We first calculated the months engaged in agricultural production for all rural households by land holding group, and converted these times into full-time (more than 6 months) agricultural workers by group. We then divided the total cultivated land of each group by the converted full-time agricultural workers for each group. The results show that the smaller the size of land by a household, the more labor intensive the crop production in the household. For the first size group in which all households hold less than 0.07 hectares of land, the ratio of land and full-time agricultural workers is 0.5 hectares per worker. This ratio rises to 17.6 hectares when the size of land held by a household increase to more than 2 hectares. This implies that, on average, the households who own the smallest size of land holdings employed 35 times more labor per unit of cultivated land than those with large scale of land holdings. This finding shows that the workers in the smaller size group may be engaged in more labor-intensive crop production, but the dramatic difference in the land-labor ratio suggests that the small scale of land may lower their labor productivity. Their productivity in agricultural work

Answer 1

4.3劳动强度和使用土地面积
部分时间制的农业工作者，谁的工作主要是在农业方面，但不能全职占16 -2 3，占总家庭工人平均每户。他们有些人也参与了部分时间制的非农业活动。根据人口普查资料，所有的家庭成员被要求报告如何，只要在1996年，他们在从事农业和非农业活动，分别。有六个时间范围为工人选择为农业和非农业活动在六个范围： 0个月， 0 -一个月， 1 - 2个月， 2 - 4个月， 4 - 6个月， 6个月以上的1年。有36个不同的组合，为时间消费之间的一切劳动就业类别。我们进一步转换的所有部分时间制农业就业成为全面的时间。我们首先计算个月内从事农业生产的所有农村住户，由土地控股集团，并转换这些时代的全面时间（ 6个月以上）农业劳动者，由小组。我们再除以耕地总量，各组由转换全职农业劳动者为每个组。结果表明，该小规模的土地，一个家庭，更多的劳力密集的作物生产在家庭中。为第一组的大小在其中的所有住户进行不少于0.07公顷的土地，这个比例的土地和全职农业劳动者是0.5公顷每名工人。这个比例上升到十七点六公顷当大小的土地举行的一个家庭增加至超过2公顷。这意味着，平均而言，家庭，谁自己最小的大小的土地，集团雇用的35倍以上劳动每单位耕地相比，那些大规模的土地控股。这一调查结果表明，该工人中，面积较小的集团可能会从事更多的劳动密集的作物生产，但戏剧性的差异，在土地，劳动力的比例表明，小规模的土地有可能降低他们的劳动生产率。他们的生产力，在农业工作