Question

急求高手翻译英文~拒绝机器翻译和胡乱翻译~悬赏80~

A problem develops when there is a lack of consensus among political governing elites and administrative elites, who may not agree on the nature and scale of the crises in hand. Thus, managing crises and emergencies raises two fundamental issues or questions: One is the policy question composed of two elements of defining a situation as a crisis, and making decisive leadership decisions on what to be done through assumption of a centralized command structure that can effectively coordinate all governmental and non-governmental emergency and crisis operations. The second issue is the "management" one, a most essential "capacity" that comprises structural, organizational , behavioral, logistic and material resources mobilized to respond immediately, swiftly and effectively without delay or prejudice.

In a given crisis or emergency situation, the managerial capacity may be in place and ready to perform, but poor or lack of policy and leadership capacity may not only hamper and paralyze response capacity, but also aggravate the crisis situation elevating it into higher levels of criticality with new and multiple dimensions beyond imaginations. This was exactly what happened in the Hurricane Katrina. A disaster that turned into a massive catastrophe, with an ensuing crisis of national significance and international implications.

The failure at the policy and leadership level paralyzed the managerial and administrative capacity at the local level, with the state scrambling for some sort of coordination and command system. The result was organizational, bureaucratic and capacity mismanagement that led to human sufferings, with new chains of disasters in such locations as the Convention Center that resembled the typically hopeless underdeveloped nations distress. Crisis management was therefore quickly transformed into a "leadership and management crisis."

The key to effective crisis management is an accurate and timely diagnosis of the scale, nature, criticality and dynamics of vents that ensue. This requires knowledge, skills, commitment, a sense of urgency, courageous leadership full of risk-taking ability and vigilance. Most importantly, it requires "getting out of the box," out of the preestablished bureaucratic and political mind-sets. Arresting chaotic emergencies and surprise producing crises require "chaotic management skills" that can read situations as they unfold and evolve. Failure to arrest or capture a crisis in time leads to a "management and leadership crisis" that can result in waste of resources while suffering people desperately waiting for relief.

Thus, while elaborate planning for preparedness, predictions and mitigation are essentials in emergency management, it may not always work in the chaotic field of operation filled with surprises. The key to effective crisis management is, composed of several elements.

Answer 1

当有问题出现时缺乏共识政治统治精英和管理精英,他们可能不同意的性质和规模的危机的手。因此,管理危机和突发事件提出了两个基本问题或问题:一是政策问题由两个元素定义一个情况作为一个危机,使决定性的领导决定要做什么通过假设一个集中的命令结构,能有效地协调所有认为政府采取的
在一个给定的危机或紧急情况,管理能力可能到位并准备执行,但贫穷或缺乏政策和领导能力不仅会阻碍和麻痹响应能力,还加剧了危机情况提升到更高水平的临界新和多个尺寸超出想象。这正是发生在卡特里娜飓风。一场灾难,变成了一个巨大的灾难,化解危机的国家意义和在
失败在政策和领导水平的管理和行政能力瘫痪在当地的水平,与国家争夺某种协调和指挥系统。结果是组织、官僚和容量管理不善,导致人类的苦难,与新链灾害在这样的地点在会展中心看起来像一般绝望的欠发达国家遇险。危机管理是因此迅速转化为一个“领导

有效的危机管理的关键是准确和及时的诊断的规模、性质、临界和动力学的通风口,接踵而来。这需要知识、技能,承诺,一种紧迫感,勇敢的领导充满冒险的能力和警惕。最重要的是,它需要“走出盒子,“出preestablished官僚和政治心态。逮捕混沌突发事件和意外产生危机需要“混乱的管理技能”,可以读原地
因此,虽然精心规划准备、预测和缓解是必需品在应急管理,它可能并不总是工作在混沌领域的运作充满惊喜。有效的危机管理的关键是,由几个元素。
！！！！！你看这像用机器翻译的么？？？

Answer 2

这么多帮你先翻译两段吧！

一个问题的发展时，有一个缺乏政治统治精英和管理精英共识，谁也不可能在手的危机的性质和规模的同意。因此，危机管理和突发事件提出了两个基本问题：一是由定义的情况作为一个危机的两个元素的政策问题，并作出果断的领导决定什么是通过一个集中的指挥结构的假设，可以有效地协调所有的政府和非政府的紧急情况和危机的操作。第二个问题是“管理”，一个最重要的“能力”，包括组织，结构，行为，物流和材料资源动员立即作出反应，迅速有效的无延迟或偏见。
在一个给定的危机或紧急情况，管理能力可能在的地方，准备执行，但贫穷或政策和领导能力的缺乏不仅会阻碍和瘫痪的响应能力，但也加剧了危机的状况提升到更高水平的新的和多维度的超出想象的临界。这正是在卡特丽娜飓风发生了什么。一个灾难，变成了一个巨大的灾难，与随之而来的危机的国家的意义和国际意义

Answer 3

这个要翻译一篇 要几百块吧 呵呵 好像就是一篇普通的阅读文章 自己试着翻译吧