Question

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Activation of PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling through mutation, inactivation or silencing of pathway components occurs in various malignancies, including liver cancer 。Deregulation of this pathway has clinical importance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For example, data from genomic sequence of HCC samples identified mutations in PIK3CA in 50% of patients with poor prognosis, survival length < 3 years following partial liver resection, and only 10% of the HCC patients with a good prognosis had mutations in PIK3CA。 The identified mutations were restricted to residues H1047 in 61.1%, to E545 in 33.3%, and to E542 in 5.5% of cases, and as a consequence this result in gain of enzymatic function and consequently in oncogenic activity of PI3K

Answer 1

激活信号通路的组成部分通过突变，失活或沉默PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR发生各种恶性肿瘤，包括肝癌。放松管制这一途径，具有重要的临床意义肝细胞癌（HCC）。例如，肝癌样本的基因组序列数据确定PIK3CA突变的患者预后差，生存长度<3岁以下的部分肝脏切除50％，只有10％的肝癌患者预后良好PIK3CA突变。被限制的确定的突变残基H104761.1％，33.3％E545，E542在5.5％的情况下，并因此这导致增益的酶的功能，因此在PI3K的致癌活性

Answer 2

激活PI3K / PTEN /一种蛋白激酶/ mTOR信号通过突变失活或沉默的路径组件发生在各种恶性肿瘤,包括肝癌放松管制的途径具有临床重要性在肝细胞癌(HCC)。例如,数据从基因组序列的肝癌样本识别突变PIK3CA 50%的患者预后差,生存长度< 3年部分肝切除后,只有10%的肝细胞性肝癌患者预后不错有突变的我