Question

he pen bought by her is made in China.（bought by her为定语，修饰pen/她买的笔是中国产的 问题如下：

此处bought by her为什么可以做定语，bought不是一个动词吗，这样不是有两个谓语？
There are five boys left.（five为定语，修饰名词boy；left为定语，修饰名词boy）/有五个留下的男孩
此处left是动词，为什么可以做定语？？？？？？？

Answer 1

这两个句子都涉及到过去分词作后置定语的用法.

bought是buy的过去分词, left是leave的过去分词. 它们都可以作后置定语修饰前面的名词.

相当于一个定语从句:

The pen bought by her is made in China.
=The pen which was bought by her is made in China.

There are five boys left.=There are five boys who were left.

过去分词属于非谓语动词, 因此句中不存在两个谓语的说法.

又如: a boy called Mike 一个名叫迈克的男孩

注: he pen 应为The pen .

追问

buy的过去式和过去分词的形式一样，那怎么分清楚是过去分词还是过去式啊？还有leave的过去分词有留下的意思吗

追答

buy的过去式和过去分词的形式都是bought , 区分的方法在于:

如果bought前有动词be的各种形式或have/has/had时,它就是过去分词.

因为be+过分,构成被动语态; 如: This book was bought by my father .

have/has/had+过分,构成完成时态;如: She had bought some food before leaving .

另外就是像问题中的句子那样作后置定语时,它是过去分词.

leave vt. 有"（数目相减后）剩余，余下"及"剩下，留下（某人）" 之意.其过分当然也有此意.

How many minutes are there left ? There are only two minutes left .
还剩几分钟? 只剩两分钟了.

They drove off and only Jim was left to take a taxi.

他们开车走了,只有吉姆留下来坐出租车.