Question

请教高手，将以下文字翻译为英文，谢谢！！急用～～～

摘 要
本次毕业设计为某别墅结构及概预算设计。结构设计简而言之就是用结构语言来表达工程师所要表达的东西。结构语言就是结构师从建筑及其它专业图纸中所提炼简化出来的结构元素，包括基础、墙、柱、梁、板、楼梯、大样细部图等等。然后用这些结构元素来构成建筑物或构筑物的结构体系，包括竖向和水平的承重及抗力体系，再把各种情况产生的荷载以最简洁的方式传递至基础。概预算设计，即对所设计的别墅进行土建及装饰装修部份预算，并进行成本分析与控制。
（1）结构设计的阶段大体可以分为三个部分：
①结构方案部分：根据建筑的重要性，建筑所在地的抗震设防烈度，工程地质勘查报告，建筑场地的类别及建筑的高度和层数来确定建筑的结构形式，本工程采用的是框架结构；
②结构计算部分：包括荷载计算、内力计算和构件计算；
③施工图设计部分：根据上述计算结果，来最终确定构件布置和构件配筋以及根据规范的要求来确定结构构件的构造措施。
（2）概预算设计的阶段可分为以下三个部分：
①分部分项工程量计算部分：包括建筑工程分部分项工程量计算和装饰装修工程量计算。
②工程量清单编制部分：包括土建工程量清单和装饰装修工程量清单的整理编制。
③建筑工程、装饰装修工程计价部分：根据上述工程量清单对各分部分项工程进行定额套价，得到整幢楼的总造价。

关键词： 结构设计；荷载计算；节点验算；工程量清单；工程量清单计价。

Answer 1

The graduation project for a villa over the budget structure and design. In short structural design is to use words to express the structure engineers to express things. The structure of language is studied under construction drawings and other professionals in the process by simplifying the structure of elements, including the foundation, walls, columns, beams and panels, stairs, the kind detailed map, and so on. And then use these structural elements of a building or structure to the structure, including vertical and horizontal load-bearing and resistance system, then all the circumstances of the load in the most concise way to transfer basis. Over the budget design, that is, by design of the villa for the civil engineering and decoration of the budget, and conduct a cost analysis and control.
(1) of the design stage can be roughly divided into three parts:
① structure of the programme: According to the construction of the importance of building the seat of the seismic fortification intensity, engineering geological survey report, construction sites and the type of construction and the high-rise building to determine the structure of this project using a frame structure;
② structural calculations: including load, the internal force calculation and computing components;
③ construction design plans: Based on the above results, to determine the final component layout and components as well as reinforcement in accordance with the requirements of standardized components to determine the structure of the structural measures.
(2) over the budget the design stage can be divided into three parts:
① division in terms of the project: construction works, including some projects in terms of decoration and engineering calculations.
② part of the preparation of a list of projects include: the list of civil engineering and decoration works of finishing the preparation of the list.
③ construction, decoration works pricing: Based on the above list of projects in various parts of the project sets a fixed price, get the entire building floor, the total cost.

Key words: structural design; load calculation; node checked the construction of the list; engineering bill pricing.