Question

高分求英语达人帮我翻译一下这段英语

1. Introduction
Industries are increasingly characterized by a shifting of competitive focus to competition among networks of companies. Many firms have broadened the scope of their logistics operations to embrace supply chain management (SCM) to further improve their cost and service performance. Ballou [1] viewed that there are two aspects of logistics activities in a firm's immediate supply chain, i.e., inbound logistics (materials management) and outbound logistics (physical distribution). The former is concerned with products moving into a firm rather than away from it, while the latter deals with the movement, storage and processing of order for a firm's outputs. Effective management of these inbound and outbound logistics activities requires integration and coordination of different parties in the supply chain in a way that the end markets are served in the most cost-effective manner [2]. In the supply chain context, logistics is concerned with managing the upstream and downstream relationships with suppliers and customers to deliver customer value at the least cost to the chain as a whole [3]. These characteristics have made SCM an important element in competitive and logistics strategy, especially for multinational enterprises. SCM is the management of the sequence that involves how a company sources the raw components it needs to make a product or service, how it manufactures that product or service and finally delivers it to customers.1 Increasingly, multinational enterprises have established global networks of suppliers that take advantage of country–industry-specific characteristics to build this competitive advantage.

Answer 1

产业越来越描绘为竞争焦点转移对竞争的在公司之中网络。许多企业扩展他们的后勤学操作的范围接受供应链管理(SCM)进一步改进他们的费用和服务表现。 Ballou [1]观看，即，有后勤学活动入站后勤学(原料管理)和向外去后勤学(实体分配)的二个方面在公司的直接供应链的。而后者应付运动，存贮和处理秩序公司的产品的，前与搬入一家企业的产品有关而不是远离它。这些入站和向外去后勤学活动的有效的管理要求不同的党的综合化和协调在供应链的用方式末端市场服务以最有效的方式[2]。在供应链上下文，后勤学与处理有关与提供顾客价值的供应商和顾客的上游和下游关系至少花费对整体上链子[3]。这些特征做了SCM在竞争和后勤学战略的要素，特别是多民族企业的。 SCM是介入它需要做产品或服务序列的管理怎么公司来源未加工的组分，它怎么制造产品或服务和越来越最后提供它到customers.1，多民族企业建立了利用country–industry-specific特征建立这竞争优势供应商的全球网络。

Answer 2

工业越来越重视把竞争的重点转换到公司的网络运作。很多公司拓宽了他们后勤管理的范围，利用供应链的管理，来进一步提高公司的成本和服务管理。Ballou（人名？）认为一家公司迅速的供应链的后勤工作有两个方面：即内部的后勤（原料管理）和外部的后勤（物流）。前者涉及到产品进入公司而不是运出公司，后者则处理运送，存储，以及公司订单产品输出的处理。内外部后勤有效的管理要求供应链上不同部门的整合与合作，以使得终端市场收到最有成本效益的服务。在整个供应链中，后勤的管理涉及到上游和下游的关系，以及供应者和顾客的关系，以求在整个供应链中，花费最少的成本给顾客价值，这些特点已经使得供应链管理在竞争和后期策略中成为非常重要的因素，尤其对于跨国企业而言。供应链的管理是一系列的管理，包括一家公司如何用它所需的原始材料来生产产品或者服务，如何加工这个最重要送到顾客手中的产品或者服务。逐渐地，跨过企业建立了全球的供应网络，利用国家—工业—细节的特点来建立自己竞争的优势。