Question

英语翻译，谢谢大家了，

Rules, e.g. institutions are defined as normative or
behavioural regularities that channel the social behaviour of individuals
through bans or bids via sanctions, which are designed to achieve certain goals
and that offer standard solutions for recurring problems. Formal institutions
are codified rules that can be legally enforced (Priddat, 1996: 15, Weise,
1996: 207). They are supplemented by informal institutions (conventions and
"good behaviour"). These rules are non-codified, yet they are

socially sanctioned (Priddat, 1996: 79; North, 1993:
20).(1) The control and co-ordination of behaviour by means of formal and
informal rules also means that agents learn to generalise. As a result,
co-operative behaviour is encouraged since cooperation is rewarded and
non-cooperation is sanctioned. The advantages of co-operative behaviour are
obvious: All members of a group can profit from it and thus ensure their
"survival". In the course of time, those codified and non-codified

institutions for the conditioning of behaviour will
continue to exist which ensure the "survival" of the group.

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Answer 1

规则,如机构被定义为规范orbehavioural规律,通道的社会行为individualsthrough禁令或投标通过制裁,其目的是为了达到一定的goalsand提供标准的解决方案重现问题。正式的institutionsare规范化规则,可以合法的强制(Priddat,1996:15日,1996:207·威尔斯)。 他们是辅之以非正式制度(约定和“好行为”)。这些规则被非法典化,然而他们aresocially批准(Priddat,1996:79;北,1993:20)。(1)控制和协调的行为通过形式化的andinformal规则也意味着代理学会概括。因此,合作行为是鼓励自合作是andnon-cooperation奖励是认可的。合作行为的优点areobvious:所有组的成员可以从中获利,从而确保他们的“生存”。在时间的推移,这些规范化、non-codifiedinstitutions为调节的行为将继续存在,确保“生存”的集团。

Answer 2

规则:例子:制度的定义是标准的或规范行为的规则，采取制裁的方法通过禁止或命令来引导个人的社会性行为,以便能够达到某些目的，并且为复发的难题提供标准的解决方案。正式制度则是将法律编成法典，可以合法执行的规则（文献Priddat 1996: 15, Weise, 1996: 207）。
它们还会获得非正式制度的补充（习俗和“良好品行”）。这些规则虽然没编成法典，但却得到社会的认可（文献Priddat 1996: 79：North, 1993: 20）。（1）用于控制和协调行为的正式和非正式规则也是推广运用的动力。因此，被鼓励的是合作行为，因为合作可以获得奖赏，不合作会受到制裁。合作行为的好处是明显的：一个团体的所有成员都可从中得益，因而确保他们的“生存”。随着时间的推移，那些制约行为的编纂和非编纂的制度将会继续存在，以确保该团体的“生存”。