Question

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1曲柄连杆机构的类型及特点
内燃 机 中 采用曲柄连杆机构的型式很多，按运动学观点可分为三类，即:中
心曲柄连杆机构、偏心曲柄连杆机构和主副连杆式曲柄连杆机构。中心曲柄连杆机构的特点是气缸中心线通过曲轴的旋转中心，并垂直于曲柄的回转轴线。这种型式的曲柄连杆机构在内燃机中应用最为广泛。一般的单列式内燃机，采用并列连杆与叉形连杆的V形内燃机，以及对置式活塞内燃机的曲柄
连杆机构都属于这一类。
偏心曲柄连杆机构的特点是气缸中心线垂直于曲轴的回转中心线，但不通过
曲轴的回转中心，气缸中心线距离曲轴的回转轴线具有一偏移量e。这种曲柄连杆
机构可以减小膨胀行程中活塞与气缸壁间的最大侧压力，使活塞在膨胀行程与压
缩行程时作用在气缸壁两侧的侧压力大小比较均匀。
主副连杆式曲柄连杆机构的特点是:内燃机的一列气缸用主连杆，其它各列
气缸则用副连杆，这些连杆的下端不是直接接在曲柄销上，而是通过副连杆销装
在主连杆的大头上，形成了“关节式”运动，所以这种机构有时也称为“关节曲
柄连杆机构”。在关节曲柄连杆机构中，一个曲柄可以同时套上几副连杆和活塞，
这种结构可使内燃机长度缩短，结构紧凑，广泛的应用于大功率的坦克和机车用
V形内燃机。

Answer 1

Crank linkage of the type and characteristics of
The use of the internal combustion engine crank linkage of many types, according to kinematics perspective can be divided into three categories, namely:
Heart crank linkage, the eccentric crank linkage and the main vice-link crank linkage. Centre crank linkage is characterized by the cylinder through the centerline of the crankshaft rotation centre and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crank. This type of linkage in the internal combustion engine crank in the most widely used. The single-engine general, tied for linkage with the use of the V-shaped Chaxing link the internal combustion engine, and the home of the piston internal combustion engine crank
Linkage fall into this category.
Eccentric crank linkage is characterized by vertical cylinder centerline of the crankshaft rotating in the center, but not by
Crankshaft Rotary Centre, the cylinder centerline distance between the crankshaft with a rotary axis offset e. This crank link
Institutions can reduce the swelling in the itinerary of the piston and cylinder intramural largest lateral pressure so that the Pistons in the expansion programme and pressure
Reduction programme in the cylinder wall at the role of lateral pressure on both sides of the relatively uniform size.
Vice-link the main crank linkage is characterized by: the internal combustion engine cylinder with a main link, the other out
Vice-link cylinder used, these are not direct link to the bottom of the crank pins, but on sale through the Deputy link with
In the main link of the big heads, formed a "joint" movement, such institutions also sometimes referred to as "joint song
Stalk linkage. "Crank linkage in the joint, a crank can put a few of connecting rod and piston,
This structure will shorten the length of the internal combustion engine, compact and widely used in high-power locomotives used tanks and
V-shaped internal combustion engine.