Question

请帮忙翻译论文摘要及关键词（英文），万分感谢！

海运提单作为国际海上货物运输中使用最广泛的一种文件，具有悠久的历史，从它一产生起，就在促进国际贸易和对外交往方面发挥着积极的作用。但是，由于历史演变，科技发展，世风恶化，使提单日益面临严重挑战和危机。对几百年来的提单运行机制进行必要的变革，已引起国际社会和航运组织越来越广泛的关注。本文试图在这方面作些初步的探讨，抛砖引玉，并就请教于同行前辈和学人。
关键词：作用，海运提单，倒签提单，预借提单，防范措施

Answer 1

Maritime bills of lading as an international carriage of goods by sea the most widely used in a document, has a long history, from its one produced, starting in the promotion of international trade and foreign exchanges played a positive role. However, due to historical evolution, technological development, the World Wind deteriorate, so that the bill of lading facing increasingly serious challenges and crises. The bill of lading for hundreds of years of operational mechanism for the necessary changes, has caused the international community, and shipping organizations are increasingly widespread concern. This paper attempts to make some in this regard the initial study, Paozhuanyinyu, and to consult their counterparts in the older generation and scholars.
作用:Role 海运提单:Maritime bills of lading 倒签提单Daoqiantidan 预借提单bills of lading 防范措施Preventive measures