近代中国那一条不平等条约使上海成为通商口岸
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是《南京条约》
1842年《中英南京条约》（《江宁条约》）(1943年废止)
主要内容
中英《南京条约》（又称《江宁条约》）共13款，主要内容是：
1．宣布结束战争。两国关系由战争状态进入和平状态。
2．清朝政府开放广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海等五处为通商口岸（史
称“五口通商”），准许英国派驻领事，准许英商及其家属自由居住。
3．赔款。清政府向英国赔款2100万银元，其中600万银元赔偿被焚鸦片，1200万银元赔偿英国军费，300万银元偿还商人债务。其款分4年交纳清楚，倘未能按期交足，则酌定每年百元应加利息5银元。中国向英国共赔偿二千一百万西班牙银元。
4．割地。割香港岛给英国，英军撤出南京、定海等处江面和岛屿。
5．废除清政府原有的公行自主贸易制度，准许英商与华商自由贸易。
6．英商进出口货物缴纳的税款，中国需与英国商定；中国的关税自主权开始丧失。
7．以口头协议决定中英民间“诉讼之事”，“英商归英国自理”；中国的司法主权开始受到侵害。
8. 中英两国各自释放对方军民。
条约双语原文
中文版
兹因大清大皇帝，大英君主，欲以近来之不和之端解释，止肇衅，为此议定设立永久和约。是以大清大皇帝特派钦差便宜行事大臣太子少保镇守广东广州将军宗室耆英，头品顶戴花翎前阁督部堂乍浦副都统红带子伊里布；大英伊耳兰等国君主特派全权公使大臣英国所属印度等处三等将军世袭男爵璞鼎查；公同各将所奉之上谕便宜行事及敕赐全权之命互相较阅，俱属善当，即便议拟各条，陈列于左：
一、嗣后大清大皇帝、大英国君主永存平和，所属华英人民彼此友睦，各住他国者必受该国保佑身家全安。
二、自今以后，大皇帝恩准英国人民带同所属家眷，寄居大清沿海之广州、福州、厦门、宁波、上海等五处港口，贸易通商无碍；且大英国君主派设领事、管事等官住该五处城邑，专理商贾事宜，与各该地方官公文往来；令英人按照下条开叙之列，清楚交纳货税、钞饷等费。
三、因大英商船远路涉洋，往往有损坏须修补者，自应给予沿海一处，以便修船及存守所用物料。今大皇帝准将香港一岛给予大英国君主暨嗣后世袭主位者常远据守主掌，任便立法治理。
四、因大清钦差大宪等于道光十九年二月间经将大英国领事官及民人等强留粤省，吓以死罪，索出鸦片以为赎命，今大皇帝准以洋银六百万银元偿补原价。
五、凡大英商民在粤贸易，向例全归额设行商，亦称公行者承办，今大皇帝准以嗣后不必仍照向例，乃凡有英商等赴各该口贸易者，勿论与何商交易，均听其便；且向例额设行商等内有累欠英商甚多无措清还者，今酌定洋银三百万银元，作为商欠之数，准明由中国官为偿还。
六、因大清钦命大臣等向大英官民人等不公强办，致须拨发军士讨求伸理，今酌定水陆军费洋银一千二百万银元，大皇帝准为偿补，惟自道光二十一年六月十五日以后，英国因赎各城收过银两之数，大英全权公使大臣为君主准可，按数扣除。
七、以上三条酌定银数共二千一百万银元应如何分期交清开列于左：
此时交银六百万银元；
癸卯年六月间交银三百万银元，十二月间交银三百万银元，共银六百万银元；
甲辰年六月间交银二百五十万银元，十二月间交银二百五十万银元，共银五百万银元；
乙巳年六月间交银二百万银元，十二月间交银二百万银元，共银四百万银元；
自壬寅年起至乙巳年止，四年共交银二千一百万银元。
倘有按期未能交足之数，则酌定每年每百员加息五银元。
八、凡系大英国人，无论本国、属国军民等，今在中国所管辖各地方被禁者，大清大皇帝准即释放。
九、凡系中国人，前在英人所据之邑居住者，或与英人有来往者，或有跟随及俟候英国官人者，均由大皇帝俯降御旨，誊录天下，恩准全然免罪；且凡系中国人，为英国事被拿监禁受难者，亦加恩释放。
十、前第二条内言明开关俾英国商民居住通商之广州等五处，应纳进口、出口货税、饷费，均宜秉公议定则例，由部颁发晓示，以便英商按例交纳；今又议定，英国货物自在某港按例纳税后，即准由中国商人遍运天下，而路所经过税关不得加重税例，只可按估价则例若干，每两加税不过分。
十一、议定英国住中国之总管大员，与大清大臣无论京内、京外者，有文书来往，用照会字样；英国属员，用申陈字样；大臣批复用札行字样；两国属员往来，必当平行照会。若两国商贾上达官宪，不在议内，仍用禀明字样为着。
十二、俟奉大清大皇帝允准和约各条施行，并以此时准交之六百万银元交清，大英水陆军士当即退出江宁、京口等处江面，并不再行拦阻中国各省商贾贸易。至镇海之招宝山，亦将退让。惟有定海县之舟山海岛、厦门厅之古浪屿小岛，仍归英兵暂为驻守；迨及所议洋银全数交清，而前议各海口均已开辟俾英人通商后，即将驻守二处军士退出，不复占据。
十三、以上各条均关议和要约，应候大臣等分别奏明大清大皇帝、大英君主各用？亲笔批准后，即速行相交，俾两国分执一册，以昭信守；惟两国相离遥远，不得一旦而到，是以另缮二册，先由大清钦差便宜行事大臣等、大英钦奉全权公使大臣各为君上定事，盖用关防印信，各执一册为据，俾即日按照和约开载之条，施行妥办无碍矣。要至和约者。
道光二十二年七月二十四日即英国记年之
一千八百四十二年八月二十九日由江宁省会行
大英君主汗华船上铃关防
EDITION
VICTORIA, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., etc. To All and
Singular to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting !Whereas a Treaty between
Us and Our Good Brother The Emperor of China, was concluded and signed, in the
English and Chinese Languages, on board Our Ship the Cornwallis, at Nanking, on
the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight
Hundred and Forty-two, by the Plenipotentiaries of Us and of Our said Good
Brother, duly and respectively authorized for that purpose;
which Treaty is hereunto annexed in Original.
TREATY
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of putting an end
to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between
the two Countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose, and have
therefore named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, HENRY POTTINGER, Bart., a Major General in
the Service of the East India Company, etc., etc.; And His Imperial Majesty the
Emperor of China, the High Commiasioners KEYING, a Member of the Imperial House,
a Guardian of the Crown Prince and General of the Garrison of Canton; and
ELEPOO, of Imperial Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the
first rank, and the distinction of Peacock^s feather, lately Minister and
Governor General etc., and now Lieutenant-General Commanding at Chapoo: Who,
after having communicated to each other their respective Full Powers and found
them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon, and concluded, the following
Articles:
ARTICLE I.
There shall henceforward be Peace and Friendship between Her
Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His
Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective Subjects, who shall
enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the
Dominions of the other.
ARTICLE II.
His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees that British Subjects,
with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the
purpose of carrying on their Mercantile pursuits, without molestation or
restraint at the Cities and Towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow-fu, Ningpo, and
Shanghai, and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., will appoint
Superintendents or Consular Officers, to reside at each of the above-named
Cities or Towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese
Authorities and the said Merchants, and to see that the just Duties and other
Dues of the Chinese Government is hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by
Her Britannic Majesty^s Subjects.
ARTICLE III.
It being obviously necessary and desirable, that British
Subjects should have some Port whereat they may careen and refit their Ships,
when required, and keep Stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of
China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., the Island of
Hongkong, to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and
Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain, etc., shall see fit to direct.
ARTICLE IV.
The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Six Millions of
Dollars as the value of Opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of
March 1839, as a Ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty^s Superintendent
and Subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese
High Officers.
ARTICLE V.
The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants
trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese Merchants called Hong
Merchants (or Cohong) who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that
purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all
Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their
mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial
Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of Three
Millions of Dollars, on acoount of Debts due to British Subjects by some of the
said Hong Merchants (or Cohong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very
large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.
ARTICLE VI.
The Government of Her Britannic Majesty having been obliged to
send out an Expedition to demand and obtain redress for the violent and unjust
Proceedings of the Chinese High Authorities towards Her Britannic Majesty^s
Officer and Subjects, the Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Twelve
Millions of Dollars on account of the Expenses incurred, and Her Britannic
Majesty^s Plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees, on behalf of Her Majesty, to
deduct from the said amount of Twelve Millions of Dollars, any sums which may
have been received by Her Majesty^s combined Forces as Ransom for Cities and
Towns in China, subsequent to the 1st day of August 1841.
ARTICLE VII.
It is agreed that the Total amount of Twenty-one Millions of
Dollars, described in the three preceding Articles, shall be paid as
follows:
Six Millions immediately.
Six Millions in 1843. That is:NThree Millions on or before the
30th of the month of June, and Three Millions on or before the 31St of
December.
Five Millions in 1844. That is:NTwo Millions and a Half on or
before the 30th of June, and Two Millions and a half on or before the 31St of
December.
Four Millions in 1845. That is:NTwo Millions on or before the
30th of June, and Two Millions on or before the 31st of December; and it is
further stipulated, that Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be
paid by the Government of China on any portions of the above sums that are not
punctually discharged at the periods fixed.
ARTICLE VIII.
The Emperor of China agrees to release unconditionally all
Subjects of leer Britannic Majesty (whether Natives of Europe or India) who may
be in confinement at this moment, in any part of the Chinese Empire.
ARTICLE IX.
The Emperor of China agrees to publish and promulgate, under His
Imperial Sign Manual and Seal, a full and entire amnesty and act of indemnity,
to all Subjects of China on account of their having resided under, or having had
dealings and intercourse with, or having entered the Service of Her Britannic
Majesty, or of Her Majesty^s Officers, and His lmperial Majesty further engages
to release all Chinese Subjects who may be at this moment in confinement for
similar reasons.
ARTICLE X.
His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at all the
Ports which are by the 2nd Article of this Treaty to be thrown open for the
resort of British Merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of Export and Import
Customs and other Dues, which Tariff shall be publicly notified and promulgated
for general information, and the Emperor further engages, that when British
Merchandise shall have once paid at any of the said Ports the regulated Customs
and Dues agreeable to the Tariff, to be hereafter fixed, such Merchandise may be
conveyed by Chinese Merchants, to any Province or City in the interior of the
Empire of China on paying a further amount as Transit Duties which shall not
exceed per cent. On the tariff value of such goods.
ARTICLE Xl.
It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty^s Chief High Officer in
China shall correspond with the Chinese High Officers, both at the Capital and
in the Provinces, under the term "Communication" [chinese characters]. The
Subordinate British Officers and Chinese High Officers in the Provinces under
the terms "Statement" [chinese characters] on the part of the former, and on the
part of the latter " Declaration " [chinese characters], and the Subordinates of
both Countries on a footing of perfect equality. Merchants and others not
holding official situations and, therefore, not included in the above, on both
sides, to use the term " Representation " [chinese characters] in all Papers
addressed to, or intended for the notice of the respective Governments.
ARTICLE XII.
On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty being
received and the discharge of the first instalment of money, Her Britannic
Majesty^s Forces will retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and will no
longer molest or stop the Trade of China. The Military Post at Chinhai will also
be withdrawn, but the Islands of Koolangsoo and that of Chusan will continue to
be held by Her Majesty^s Forces until the money payments, and the arrangements
for opening the Ports to British Merchants be completed.
ARTICLE XIII.
The Ratification of the Treaty by Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain, etc., and His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be exchanged as soon
as the great distance which separates England from China will admit; but in the
meantime counterpart copies of it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on
behalf of their respective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its
provisions and arrangements shall take effect.
Done at Nanking and Signed and Sealed by the Plenipotentiaries
on board Her Britannic Majesty^s ship Cornwallis,this twenty-ninth day of
August, 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the
seventh month
in the twenty-second Year of TAOU KWANG.
(L.S.) HENRY POTTINGER,
Her Majesty^s Plenipotentiary.
Chinese Signatures (3).*
| Chinese Seal. |
We, having seen and considered the Treaty aforesaid, have
approved, accepted, and confirmed the same in all and every one of its Articles
and Clauses, as We do by these Presents approve, accept, confirm, and ratify it
for Ourselves, Our Heirs, and Successors:Engaging and Promising upon Our Royal
Word, that We will sincerely and faithfully perform and observe all and singular
the things which are contained and expressed in the Treaty aforesaid, and that
We will never suffer the same to be violated by any one, or transgressed in any
manner,
as far as it lies in Our Power.
For the greater Testimony and Validity of all which, We have
caused the Great Seal of Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to be
affixed to these Presents, which We have signed with Our Royal Hand.
Given at Our Court at Windsor Castle, the Twenty-eighth day of
December, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two, and
in the Sixth Year of Our Reign.
(Signed) VICTORIA R.
* The preamble mentions two Chinese negotiators only, KEYING and
ELEPOO. The third signature was that of NIUKIEN, Liang Kiang Viceroy.
1842年《中英南京条约》（《江宁条约》）(1943年废止)
主要内容
中英《南京条约》（又称《江宁条约》）共13款，主要内容是：
1．宣布结束战争。两国关系由战争状态进入和平状态。
2．清朝政府开放广州、厦门、福州、宁波、上海等五处为通商口岸（史
称“五口通商”），准许英国派驻领事，准许英商及其家属自由居住。
3．赔款。清政府向英国赔款2100万银元，其中600万银元赔偿被焚鸦片，1200万银元赔偿英国军费，300万银元偿还商人债务。其款分4年交纳清楚，倘未能按期交足，则酌定每年百元应加利息5银元。中国向英国共赔偿二千一百万西班牙银元。
4．割地。割香港岛给英国，英军撤出南京、定海等处江面和岛屿。
5．废除清政府原有的公行自主贸易制度，准许英商与华商自由贸易。
6．英商进出口货物缴纳的税款，中国需与英国商定；中国的关税自主权开始丧失。
7．以口头协议决定中英民间“诉讼之事”，“英商归英国自理”；中国的司法主权开始受到侵害。
8. 中英两国各自释放对方军民。
条约双语原文
中文版
兹因大清大皇帝，大英君主，欲以近来之不和之端解释，止肇衅，为此议定设立永久和约。是以大清大皇帝特派钦差便宜行事大臣太子少保镇守广东广州将军宗室耆英，头品顶戴花翎前阁督部堂乍浦副都统红带子伊里布；大英伊耳兰等国君主特派全权公使大臣英国所属印度等处三等将军世袭男爵璞鼎查；公同各将所奉之上谕便宜行事及敕赐全权之命互相较阅，俱属善当，即便议拟各条，陈列于左：
一、嗣后大清大皇帝、大英国君主永存平和，所属华英人民彼此友睦，各住他国者必受该国保佑身家全安。
二、自今以后，大皇帝恩准英国人民带同所属家眷，寄居大清沿海之广州、福州、厦门、宁波、上海等五处港口，贸易通商无碍；且大英国君主派设领事、管事等官住该五处城邑，专理商贾事宜，与各该地方官公文往来；令英人按照下条开叙之列，清楚交纳货税、钞饷等费。
三、因大英商船远路涉洋，往往有损坏须修补者，自应给予沿海一处，以便修船及存守所用物料。今大皇帝准将香港一岛给予大英国君主暨嗣后世袭主位者常远据守主掌，任便立法治理。
四、因大清钦差大宪等于道光十九年二月间经将大英国领事官及民人等强留粤省，吓以死罪，索出鸦片以为赎命，今大皇帝准以洋银六百万银元偿补原价。
五、凡大英商民在粤贸易，向例全归额设行商，亦称公行者承办，今大皇帝准以嗣后不必仍照向例，乃凡有英商等赴各该口贸易者，勿论与何商交易，均听其便；且向例额设行商等内有累欠英商甚多无措清还者，今酌定洋银三百万银元，作为商欠之数，准明由中国官为偿还。
六、因大清钦命大臣等向大英官民人等不公强办，致须拨发军士讨求伸理，今酌定水陆军费洋银一千二百万银元，大皇帝准为偿补，惟自道光二十一年六月十五日以后，英国因赎各城收过银两之数，大英全权公使大臣为君主准可，按数扣除。
七、以上三条酌定银数共二千一百万银元应如何分期交清开列于左：
此时交银六百万银元；
癸卯年六月间交银三百万银元，十二月间交银三百万银元，共银六百万银元；
甲辰年六月间交银二百五十万银元，十二月间交银二百五十万银元，共银五百万银元；
乙巳年六月间交银二百万银元，十二月间交银二百万银元，共银四百万银元；
自壬寅年起至乙巳年止，四年共交银二千一百万银元。
倘有按期未能交足之数，则酌定每年每百员加息五银元。
八、凡系大英国人，无论本国、属国军民等，今在中国所管辖各地方被禁者，大清大皇帝准即释放。
九、凡系中国人，前在英人所据之邑居住者，或与英人有来往者，或有跟随及俟候英国官人者，均由大皇帝俯降御旨，誊录天下，恩准全然免罪；且凡系中国人，为英国事被拿监禁受难者，亦加恩释放。
十、前第二条内言明开关俾英国商民居住通商之广州等五处，应纳进口、出口货税、饷费，均宜秉公议定则例，由部颁发晓示，以便英商按例交纳；今又议定，英国货物自在某港按例纳税后，即准由中国商人遍运天下，而路所经过税关不得加重税例，只可按估价则例若干，每两加税不过分。
十一、议定英国住中国之总管大员，与大清大臣无论京内、京外者，有文书来往，用照会字样；英国属员，用申陈字样；大臣批复用札行字样；两国属员往来，必当平行照会。若两国商贾上达官宪，不在议内，仍用禀明字样为着。
十二、俟奉大清大皇帝允准和约各条施行，并以此时准交之六百万银元交清，大英水陆军士当即退出江宁、京口等处江面，并不再行拦阻中国各省商贾贸易。至镇海之招宝山，亦将退让。惟有定海县之舟山海岛、厦门厅之古浪屿小岛，仍归英兵暂为驻守；迨及所议洋银全数交清，而前议各海口均已开辟俾英人通商后，即将驻守二处军士退出，不复占据。
十三、以上各条均关议和要约，应候大臣等分别奏明大清大皇帝、大英君主各用？亲笔批准后，即速行相交，俾两国分执一册，以昭信守；惟两国相离遥远，不得一旦而到，是以另缮二册，先由大清钦差便宜行事大臣等、大英钦奉全权公使大臣各为君上定事，盖用关防印信，各执一册为据，俾即日按照和约开载之条，施行妥办无碍矣。要至和约者。
道光二十二年七月二十四日即英国记年之
一千八百四十二年八月二十九日由江宁省会行
大英君主汗华船上铃关防
EDITION
VICTORIA, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., etc. To All and
Singular to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting !Whereas a Treaty between
Us and Our Good Brother The Emperor of China, was concluded and signed, in the
English and Chinese Languages, on board Our Ship the Cornwallis, at Nanking, on
the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight
Hundred and Forty-two, by the Plenipotentiaries of Us and of Our said Good
Brother, duly and respectively authorized for that purpose;
which Treaty is hereunto annexed in Original.
TREATY
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, and His Majesty the Emperor of China, being desirous of putting an end
to the misunderstandings and consequent hostilities which have arisen between
the two Countries, have resolved to conclude a Treaty for that purpose, and have
therefore named as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say: Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, HENRY POTTINGER, Bart., a Major General in
the Service of the East India Company, etc., etc.; And His Imperial Majesty the
Emperor of China, the High Commiasioners KEYING, a Member of the Imperial House,
a Guardian of the Crown Prince and General of the Garrison of Canton; and
ELEPOO, of Imperial Kindred, graciously permitted to wear the insignia of the
first rank, and the distinction of Peacock^s feather, lately Minister and
Governor General etc., and now Lieutenant-General Commanding at Chapoo: Who,
after having communicated to each other their respective Full Powers and found
them to be in good and due form, have agreed upon, and concluded, the following
Articles:
ARTICLE I.
There shall henceforward be Peace and Friendship between Her
Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His
Majesty the Emperor of China, and between their respective Subjects, who shall
enjoy full security and protection for their persons and property within the
Dominions of the other.
ARTICLE II.
His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees that British Subjects,
with their families and establishments, shall be allowed to reside, for the
purpose of carrying on their Mercantile pursuits, without molestation or
restraint at the Cities and Towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow-fu, Ningpo, and
Shanghai, and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., will appoint
Superintendents or Consular Officers, to reside at each of the above-named
Cities or Towns, to be the medium of communication between the Chinese
Authorities and the said Merchants, and to see that the just Duties and other
Dues of the Chinese Government is hereafter provided for, are duly discharged by
Her Britannic Majesty^s Subjects.
ARTICLE III.
It being obviously necessary and desirable, that British
Subjects should have some Port whereat they may careen and refit their Ships,
when required, and keep Stores for that purpose, His Majesty the Emperor of
China cedes to Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain, etc., the Island of
Hongkong, to be possessed in perpetuity by Her Britannic Majesty, Her Heirs and
Successors, and to be governed by such Laws and Regulations as Her Majesty the
Queen of Great Britain, etc., shall see fit to direct.
ARTICLE IV.
The Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Six Millions of
Dollars as the value of Opium which was delivered up at Canton in the month of
March 1839, as a Ransom for the lives of Her Britannic Majesty^s Superintendent
and Subjects, who had been imprisoned and threatened with death by the Chinese
High Officers.
ARTICLE V.
The Government of China having compelled the British Merchants
trading at Canton to deal exclusively with certain Chinese Merchants called Hong
Merchants (or Cohong) who had been licensed by the Chinese Government for that
purpose, the Emperor of China agrees to abolish that practice in future at all
Ports where British Merchants may reside, and to permit them to carry on their
mercantile transactions with whatever persons they please, and His Imperial
Majesty further agrees to pay to the British Government the sum of Three
Millions of Dollars, on acoount of Debts due to British Subjects by some of the
said Hong Merchants (or Cohong), who have become insolvent, and who owe very
large sums of money to Subjects of Her Britannic Majesty.
ARTICLE VI.
The Government of Her Britannic Majesty having been obliged to
send out an Expedition to demand and obtain redress for the violent and unjust
Proceedings of the Chinese High Authorities towards Her Britannic Majesty^s
Officer and Subjects, the Emperor of China agrees to pay the sum of Twelve
Millions of Dollars on account of the Expenses incurred, and Her Britannic
Majesty^s Plenipotentiary voluntarily agrees, on behalf of Her Majesty, to
deduct from the said amount of Twelve Millions of Dollars, any sums which may
have been received by Her Majesty^s combined Forces as Ransom for Cities and
Towns in China, subsequent to the 1st day of August 1841.
ARTICLE VII.
It is agreed that the Total amount of Twenty-one Millions of
Dollars, described in the three preceding Articles, shall be paid as
follows:
Six Millions immediately.
Six Millions in 1843. That is:NThree Millions on or before the
30th of the month of June, and Three Millions on or before the 31St of
December.
Five Millions in 1844. That is:NTwo Millions and a Half on or
before the 30th of June, and Two Millions and a half on or before the 31St of
December.
Four Millions in 1845. That is:NTwo Millions on or before the
30th of June, and Two Millions on or before the 31st of December; and it is
further stipulated, that Interest at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, shall be
paid by the Government of China on any portions of the above sums that are not
punctually discharged at the periods fixed.
ARTICLE VIII.
The Emperor of China agrees to release unconditionally all
Subjects of leer Britannic Majesty (whether Natives of Europe or India) who may
be in confinement at this moment, in any part of the Chinese Empire.
ARTICLE IX.
The Emperor of China agrees to publish and promulgate, under His
Imperial Sign Manual and Seal, a full and entire amnesty and act of indemnity,
to all Subjects of China on account of their having resided under, or having had
dealings and intercourse with, or having entered the Service of Her Britannic
Majesty, or of Her Majesty^s Officers, and His lmperial Majesty further engages
to release all Chinese Subjects who may be at this moment in confinement for
similar reasons.
ARTICLE X.
His Majesty the Emperor of China agrees to establish at all the
Ports which are by the 2nd Article of this Treaty to be thrown open for the
resort of British Merchants, a fair and regular Tariff of Export and Import
Customs and other Dues, which Tariff shall be publicly notified and promulgated
for general information, and the Emperor further engages, that when British
Merchandise shall have once paid at any of the said Ports the regulated Customs
and Dues agreeable to the Tariff, to be hereafter fixed, such Merchandise may be
conveyed by Chinese Merchants, to any Province or City in the interior of the
Empire of China on paying a further amount as Transit Duties which shall not
exceed per cent. On the tariff value of such goods.
ARTICLE Xl.
It is agreed that Her Britannic Majesty^s Chief High Officer in
China shall correspond with the Chinese High Officers, both at the Capital and
in the Provinces, under the term "Communication" [chinese characters]. The
Subordinate British Officers and Chinese High Officers in the Provinces under
the terms "Statement" [chinese characters] on the part of the former, and on the
part of the latter " Declaration " [chinese characters], and the Subordinates of
both Countries on a footing of perfect equality. Merchants and others not
holding official situations and, therefore, not included in the above, on both
sides, to use the term " Representation " [chinese characters] in all Papers
addressed to, or intended for the notice of the respective Governments.
ARTICLE XII.
On the assent of the Emperor of China to this Treaty being
received and the discharge of the first instalment of money, Her Britannic
Majesty^s Forces will retire from Nanking and the Grand Canal, and will no
longer molest or stop the Trade of China. The Military Post at Chinhai will also
be withdrawn, but the Islands of Koolangsoo and that of Chusan will continue to
be held by Her Majesty^s Forces until the money payments, and the arrangements
for opening the Ports to British Merchants be completed.
ARTICLE XIII.
The Ratification of the Treaty by Her Majesty the Queen of Great
Britain, etc., and His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be exchanged as soon
as the great distance which separates England from China will admit; but in the
meantime counterpart copies of it, signed and sealed by the Plenipotentiaries on
behalf of their respective Sovereigns, shall be mutually delivered, and all its
provisions and arrangements shall take effect.
Done at Nanking and Signed and Sealed by the Plenipotentiaries
on board Her Britannic Majesty^s ship Cornwallis,this twenty-ninth day of
August, 1842, corresponding with the Chinese date, twenty-fourth day of the
seventh month
in the twenty-second Year of TAOU KWANG.
(L.S.) HENRY POTTINGER,
Her Majesty^s Plenipotentiary.
Chinese Signatures (3).*
| Chinese Seal. |
We, having seen and considered the Treaty aforesaid, have
approved, accepted, and confirmed the same in all and every one of its Articles
and Clauses, as We do by these Presents approve, accept, confirm, and ratify it
for Ourselves, Our Heirs, and Successors:Engaging and Promising upon Our Royal
Word, that We will sincerely and faithfully perform and observe all and singular
the things which are contained and expressed in the Treaty aforesaid, and that
We will never suffer the same to be violated by any one, or transgressed in any
manner,
as far as it lies in Our Power.
For the greater Testimony and Validity of all which, We have
caused the Great Seal of Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to be
affixed to these Presents, which We have signed with Our Royal Hand.
Given at Our Court at Windsor Castle, the Twenty-eighth day of
December, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-two, and
in the Sixth Year of Our Reign.
(Signed) VICTORIA R.
* The preamble mentions two Chinese negotiators only, KEYING and
ELEPOO. The third signature was that of NIUKIEN, Liang Kiang Viceroy.
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