Question

哪位大侠帮忙翻译下论文外文资料，50分献上，谢谢！！

Inventory is a list for goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in stock by a business. Inventory are held in order to manage and hide from the customer the fact that manufacture/supply delay is longer than delivery delay, and also to ease the effect of imperfections in the manufacturing process that lower production efficiencies if production capacity stands idle for lack of materials.
Business inventory
The reasons for keeping stock
There are three basic reasons for keeping an inventory:
Time - The time lags present in the supply chain, from supplier to user at every stage, requires that you maintain certain amount of inventory to use in this "lead time"
Uncertainty - Inventories are maintained as buffers to meet uncertainties in demand, supply and movements of goods.
Economies of scale - Ideal condition of "one unit at a time at a place where user needs it, when he needs it" principle tends to incur lots of costs in terms of logistics. So Bulk buying, movement and storing brings in economies of scale, thus inventory.
All these stock reasons can apply to any owner or product stage.
Buffer stock is held in individual workstations against the possibility that the upstream workstation may be a little delayed in long setup or change-over time. This stock is then used while that change-over is happening. This stock can be eliminated by tools like SMED.
These classifications apply along the whole Supply chain not just within a facility or plant.
Where these stocks contain the same or similar items it is often the work practice to hold all these stocks mixed together before or after the sub-process to which they relate. This 'reduces' costs. Because they are mixed-up together there is no visual reminder to operators of the adjacent sub-processes or line management of the stock which is due to a particular cause and should be a particular individual's responsibility with inevitable consequences. Some plants have centralized stock holding across sub-processes which makes the situation even more acute.
Special terms used in dealing with inventory
Stock Keeping Unit (SKU) is a unique combination of all the components that are assembled into the purchasable item. Therefore any change in the packaging or product is a new SKU. This level of detailed specification assists in managing inventory.
Stockout means running out of the inventory of an SKU.[1]
"New old stock" (sometimes abbreviated NOS) is a term used in business to refer to merchandise being offered for sale which was manufactured long ago but that has never been used. Such merchandise may not be produced any more, and the new old stock may represent the only market source of a particular item at the present time.

Answer 1

存货清单的货物和材料，或这些货品和材料本身，举行了可在股票业务。存货举行，以便管理和隐藏从客户的事实，制造/供应延误的时间比递送延迟，也以纾缓的效果不完善，在生产过程中，低生产效率，如果生产能力闲置的立场缺乏材料。
商业存货
原因为保持股票
有三个基本原因是保持一份清单：
时间-时间滞后，目前在供应链，从供应商到用户的每一个阶段，您需要保持一定数量的库存使用在这方面的“间隔时间”
不确定性-存货维持作为缓冲区，以满足不明朗因素，在需求，供给和运动商品。
规模经济-理想条件“一个单位在一个时间在一个地方，用户需要它，当他需要”的原则，往往要付出大量的成本而言，物流。因此，批量购买，运动和储存带来了规模经济，从而库存。
所有这些股票的理由，可以适用于任何业主或产品的阶段。
缓冲库存是举行在个别工作站反对的可能性，即上游工作站可能有点延迟，在长期的安装或变更-随着时间的推移。这是股票，然后用，而这种变化超过正在发生的事情。此股票可以消除由工具，如smed 。
这些分类适用于沿整个供应链的不只是一个设施或植物。
如果这些股票含有相同或相似的项目，它往往是工作的实践，以容纳所有这些股票的混合在一起，之前或之后，子过程，以其所涉及的。这'降低成本。因为他们是混合在一起是没有视觉，提醒经营者毗邻的子过程或线管理的股票，这是由于某一特定的原因，并应特定个人的责任与不可避免的后果。一些植物有集中持股全国子过程，使局势更加尖锐。
特别使用的术语，在处理库存
库存单位（ SKU的）是一个独特的组合，所有的元件组装到购买的项目。因此，任何改变，在包装或产品是一个新的SKU 。这一级别的详细规格助攻，在管理库存。
stockout手段，失控的存货一SKU的。 [ 1 ]
“新老股票” （有时缩写数）是一个使用的术语在业务上是指商品提供作出售用途是制造不久前，但从未被使用。这样的商品可能无法产生任何更多的，新老股票可能代表唯一的市场来源，某一项目在目前的时间。