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求翻译高手帮忙翻译（汉-英）

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本文研究一个多周期运行的一对二供应链系统，其中卖方可以是生产商或批发商，买方是分销商或零售商，买方所面临的市场需求随机，多个买方都具有不同的市场需求和成本结构。在传统的买卖方各自分散决策的模式下，供应链上的每一个主体都是从各自利益最大化的角度出发进行决策，买方通常会选择经济订货指量（EOQ）作为自己的最优订货批量；而对卖方而言，由于每个买方的EOQ和订货周期各不相同，他所面对的是一个订货周期长短不定，每次订货量都不同的产品需求流，不得不通过维持较高的库存来应对这种订货的不确定性，因而必然要以较高的价格销售给买方。因此这种模式带来了系统整体的低效运行。本文的研究目的，是考虑如何通过价格折扣策略来建立一些合适的协调机制，使得供应链整体绩效得以改进，并使绩效改进后带来的收益能在供应链上各方合理分配，从而激励供应链各方实现协调。在学术界，关于价格折扣策略的研究已有很多。早期的研究主要集中于供应链上某一方的最优策略问题，其中具有代表性意义的是Monahan于1984年提出的一个从卖方角度考虑的价格折扣模型[2]，卖方可以通过价格折扣策略改变买方的订货量，实现利润的提高，其局限之处是假设了买方订货采取lot-for-lot形式，导致在很多情况下得到的结果是局。部最优解，其后又有很多人在此模型的基础上进行了扩充[2] [3] [4]，让模型更加具有普遍意义，并进一步改进和修正了算法。以上文献均假定市场需求为常数，与产品价格无关。进入90年代以后，关于价格折扣的研究开始转向利用价格折扣策略实现供应链的协调[6] [7] [8]，但绝大部分研究都是围绕基于数量的价格折扣策略展开的，其中文献[6]假设市场需求是受价格影响的弹性需求，并得出了结论：数量折扣可以有效的刺激市场需求的增加和保证帕累托最优。文献[7]则主要对单买方单卖方供应链的all-unit类型和incremental类型这两种基于数量的价格折扣策略进行了研究，并把市场需求分成常数和价格敏感两种情况加以讨论，同时也考虑了卖方自制和外购两种策略对数量折扣的影响，得出结论是数量折扣策略可以有效提高供应量整体利润并对其合理分配。文献[8]假设需求是价格的负指数函数，卖方采取外购策略，分别讨论了双方合作和不合作两种情况，得出结论是合作可以增加供应链系统的总利润，增加市场需求量，减少卖方的生产准备成本和买方的订货处理成本。国内对价格折扣策略也开展了一些研究，比如，研究数量折扣在多销售点下的企业进行库存控制协调问题[9]，从制造商的视角定量分析生产批量与数量折扣定价联合决策的问题[10]研究在需求具有价格弹性的条件下，由单一卖方和单一买方组成的供应链契约中制定价格折扣的问题[11]，等等。此外，还有一些文献研究也从不同角度讨论了供应链整体利润最大化问题和增加的利润如何进行分配的问题[12] [13] [14]。

Answer 1

In this paper, more than one cycle of one pair of running the supply chain system, which the seller may be manufacturers or wholesalers, distributors or the buyer is a retailer, the buyer faced by random market demand, the buyer has a number of different market needs And cost structure. In a traditional sale of the respective decentralized decision-making mode, the supply chain of each of the main maximize their own interests are from the perspective of the decision-making, the buyer will usually choose the economic means of ordering (EOQ) as its optimal bulk orders , And the seller, the buyer because each of the EOQ and ordering cycle is not the same, he is facing a volatile orders cycle length, each have different quantities of product demand flow through to higher inventory to maintain Deal with this order of uncertainty, which is bound to a higher sales price to the buyer. So this model has brought the overall system inefficient operation. In this paper, the purpose of the study is to consider how to price discounts strategy to establish the appropriate coordination mechanism, making the supply chain to improve overall performance, and performance benefits of improved supply chain in the rational allocation of the parties, thereby encouraging suppliers Linked the parties to achieve coordination. In academia, on the strategy of price discounts have been many. Early research focused mainly on supply-chain on one side of the optimal strategy, which is representative of the significance of Monahan in 1984 from a seller's point of view of price discounts model [2], the seller can change the strategy of price discounts The buyer's order volume, the increase in profits, its limitations of the assumption that a buyer's orders to take lot-for-lot form, resulting in many cases, the results are. Department of the optimal solution, then a lot of people in this model on the basis of the expansion [2] [3] [4], to model a more general sense, and to further improve and amend the algorithm. The above documents were assumed market demand for constant, and the price has nothing to do. In the 1990s, the price discounts on the study has begun to shift to use of price discounts supply chain strategy to achieve the coordination of [6] [7] [8], but the vast majority of studies are based on the number of price discounts start of the strategy, including literature [6] assume that market demand is affected by the price elasticity of demand, and reached a conclusion: volume discounts can effectively stimulate the increase in market demand and guarantee Pareto optimal. The literature [7] mainly for single-buyer-seller supply chain of all-unit types and incremental these two types of price discounts based on the number of strategies have been studied, and the market demand and price-sensitive constant divided into two cases to be discussed, The seller also considered the two home-made and outsourcing strategy on the impact of volume discounts, concluded that the number of discount strategy can effectively improve the supply of its overall profits and reasonable distribution. The literature [8] The prices assuming demand is a negative exponential function, the seller take outsourcing strategy, respectively, discussed the cooperation between the two sides and the lack of cooperation both cases, concluded that cooperation can increase the total supply chain profits, increasing market demand. The preparations for the seller to reduce production costs and the buyer's cost of processing orders. Domestic price discount strategy has also undertaken a number of studies, for example, discounts on the number of sales outlets in more enterprises under the coordination of inventory control problems [9], from the manufacturer's perspective quantitative analysis of production volume and quantity discount pricing of the issue of joint decision-making [ 10] in the study of price elasticity of demand conditions, from a single seller and the buyer composed of a single supply chain contract price discounts in the formulation of the problem [11], and so on. In addition, some research literature from different angles on the whole supply chain to maximize profits and increase the profits of the problem how to conduct the allocation of [12] [13] [14].

要知道完美的答案只有一个！

Answer 2

In this paper, more than one cycle of one pair of running the supply chain system, which the seller may be manufacturers or wholesalers, distributors or the buyer is a retailer, the buyer faced by random market demand, the buyer has a number of different market needs And cost structure. In a traditional sale of the respective decentralized decision-making mode, the supply chain of each of the main maximize their own interests are from the perspective of the decision-making, the buyer will usually choose the economic means of ordering (EOQ) as its optimal bulk orders , And the seller, the buyer because each of the EOQ and ordering cycle is not the same, he is facing a volatile orders cycle length, each have different quantities of product demand flow through to higher inventory to maintain Deal with this order of uncertainty, which is bound to a higher sales price to the buyer. So this model has brought the overall system inefficient operation.In this paper, the purpose of the study is to consider how to price discounts strategy to establish the appropriate coordination mechanism, making the supply chain to improve overall performance, and performance benefits of improved supply chain in the rational allocation of the parties, thereby encouraging suppliers Linked the parties to achieve coordination. In academia, on the strategy of price discounts have been many. Early research focused mainly on supply-chain on one side of the optimal strategy, which is representative of the significance of Monahan in 1984 from a seller's point of view of price discounts model [2], the seller can change the strategy of price discounts The buyer's order volume, the increase in profits, its limitations of the assumption that a buyer's orders to take lot-for-lot form, resulting in many cases, the results are. Department of the optimal solution, then a lot of people in this model on the basis of the expansion [2] [3] [4], to model a more general sense, and to further improve and amend the algorithm. The above documents were assumed market demand for constant, and the price has nothing to do. In the 1990s, the price discounts on the study has begun to shift to use of price discounts supply chain strategy to achieve the coordination of [6] [7] [8], but the vast majority of studies are based on the number of price discounts start of the strategy, including literature [6] assume that market demand is affected by the price elasticity of demand, and reached a conclusion:Volume discounts can effectively stimulate the increase in market demand and guarantee Pareto optimal. The literature [7] mainly for single-buyer-seller supply chain of all-unit types and incremental these two types of price discounts based on the number of strategies have been studied, and the market demand and price-sensitive constant divided into two cases to be discussed, The seller also considered the two home-made and outsourcing strategy on the impact of volume discounts, concluded that the number of discount strategy can effectively improve the supply of its overall profits and reasonable distribution. The literature [8] The prices assuming demand is a negative exponential function, the seller take outsourcing strategy, respectively, discussed the cooperation between the two sides and the lack of cooperation both cases, concluded that cooperation can increase the total supply chain profits, increasing market demand. The preparations for the seller to reduce production costs and the buyer's cost of processing orders. Domestic price discount strategy has also undertaken a number of studies, for example, discounts on the number of sales outlets in more enterprises under the coordination of inventory control problems [9], from the manufacturer's perspective quantitative analysis of production volume and quantity discount pricing of the issue of joint decision-making [ 10] in the study of price elasticity of demand conditions, from a single seller and the buyer composed of a single supply chain contract price discounts in the formulation of the problem [11], and so on. In addition, some research literature from different angles on the whole supply chain to maximize profits and increase the profits of the problem how to conduct the allocation of [12] [13] [14].
应该比较准确``你试试吧`

Answer 3

In this paper, more than one cycle of one pair of running the supply chain system, which the seller may be manufacturers or wholesalers, distributors or the buyer is a retailer, the buyer faced by random market demand, the buyer has a number of different market needs And cost structure. In a traditional sale of the respective decentralized decision-making mode, the supply chain of each of the main maximize their own interests are from the perspective of the decision-making, the buyer will usually choose the economic means of ordering (EOQ) as its optimal bulk orders , And the seller, the buyer because each of the EOQ and ordering cycle is not the same, he is facing a volatile orders cycle length, each have different quantities of product demand flow through to higher inventory to maintain Deal with this order of uncertainty, which is bound to a higher sales price to the buyer. So this model has brought the overall system inefficient operation. In this paper, the purpose of the study is to consider how to price discounts strategy to establish the appropriate coordination mechanism, making the supply chain to improve overall performance, and performance benefits of improved supply chain in the rational allocation of the parties, thereby encouraging suppliers Linked the parties to achieve coordination. In academia, on the strategy of price discounts have been many. Early research focused mainly on supply-chain on one side of the optimal strategy, which is representative of the significance of Monahan in 1984 from a seller's point of view of price discounts model [2], the seller can change the strategy of price discounts The buyer's order volume, the increase in profits, its limitations of the assumption that a buyer's orders to take lot-for-lot form, resulting in many cases, the results are. Department of the optimal solution, then a lot of people in this model on the basis of the expansion [2] [3] [4], to model a more general sense, and to further improve and amend the algorithm. The above documents were assumed market demand for constant, and the price has nothing to do. In the 1990s, the price discounts on the study has begun to shift to use of price discounts supply chain strategy to achieve the coordination of [6] [7] [8], but the vast majority of studies are based on the number of price discounts start of the strategy, including literature [6] assume that market demand is affected by the price elasticity of demand, and reached a conclusion: volume discounts can effectively stimulate the increase in market demand and guarantee Pareto optimal. The literature [7] mainly for single-buyer-seller supply chain of all-unit types and incremental these two types of price discounts based on the number of strategies have been studied, and the market demand and price-sensitive constant divided into two cases to be discussed, The seller also considered the two home-made and outsourcing strategy on the impact of volume discounts, concluded that the number of discount strategy can effectively improve the supply of its overall profits and reasonable distribution. The literature [8] The prices assuming demand is a negative exponential function, the seller take outsourcing strategy, respectively, discussed the cooperation between the two sides and the lack of cooperation both cases, concluded that cooperation can increase the total supply chain profits, increasing market demand. The preparations for the seller to reduce production costs and the buyer's cost of processing orders. Domestic price discount strategy has also undertaken a number of studies, for example, discounts on the number of sales outlets in more enterprises under the coordination of inventory control problems [9], from the manufacturer's perspective quantitative analysis of production volume and quantity discount pricing of the issue of joint decision-making [ 10] in the study of price elasticity of demand conditions, from a single seller and the buyer composed of a single supply chain contract price discounts in the formulation of the problem [11], and so on. In addition, some research literature from different angles on the whole supply chain to maximize profits and increase the profits of the problem how to conduct the allocation of [12] [13] [14].

Answer 4

This text research much aer period circulate of a rightness two supply chain system, among them selling party can is produce company or wholesale dealer, buyer is retail company or dealer, the market need face by buyer random, several buyer all have dissimilarity of market need and cost structure.Under the mode that tradition of business square respectively dispersion decision, each corpus that is on the supply chain from respectively the benefits maximize of the angle set out to carry on decision, buyer usually choice economy order quantity(EOQ) Be oneself of superior order a batch quantity;But to selling party, because of the EOQ of each buyer with order a period each not homology, what he face be 1 to order period length uncertain, every time order quality all dissimilarity of the product need flow, have to pass maintenance higher stock to should order to this kind of of indetermination, as a result inevitable want with the higher price sale to the buyer.Therefore this kind of mode brought a system's whole low effect to circulate.Textual research purpose, is consideration how pass price discount strategy to come to establishment some accommodation of moderate mechanism, make the supply chain whole results can improvement, and make results improvement empress bring of income can on the supply chain everyone reasonable allotment, encourage a supply chain an everyone realization moderate thus.At the academic circles, the research concerning price discount strategy have already had a lot.Earlier period of research main concentration some at the supply chain a square of the superior strategy problem, among them what to have representative's meaning is Monahan in 1984 put forward of 1 is from the selling party angle consideration of price discount model[2], the selling party can pass price discount strategy change buyer of order quality, realization profits of exaltation, it limit of place is assumption the buyer order to adopt a lot-for-lot form and cause to get under the a lot of condition of result is a bureau.Department the superior solution, afterward again the many people carried on enlargement on the foundation of this model[2][3][4], let the model have widespread meaning more, and further improvement and revise calculate way.Above cultural heritage all suppose the market need have nothing to do with the price of article for the constant.Get into 90's after, the research of the concerning price discount start change direction exploitation price discount strategy realization supply chain of moderate[6][7][8], but overwhelming majority research all is around launch according to the price discount strategy of amount of, among them cultural heritage[6] assumption market need is to be subjected to price influence of flexibility need, and get conclude theory:The quantity discounts can be valid of stimulate a market need of increment and assurance the Pa be tired to give superior.Cultural heritage[7] main to list buyer list type and incremental type of the all-unit this 2 kinds of the selling party supply chain carried on research according to the price discount strategy of amount, and be divided into constant and price sensitive to the market need two kinds of circumstance take into discussion, also in the meantime consideration selling party self-made with outside buy two kinds of strategy to influence quantity discounts, get the conclusion be a quantity discounts strategy can valid exaltation supply quantity whole profits combine as to it's reasonable allotment.Cultural heritage[8] assumption need be a price of negative index number function, the selling party adopt outside buy strategy, respectively discussion both parties cooperation and noncooperation two kinds of circumstance, get conclusion is cooperation can increment supply chain system of total profits, increment market demand, decrease produce of selling party preparation order of cost and buyer processing cost.Domestic also openned an exhibition to the price discount's strategy some research, for example, research quantity discounts under the condition that much sale under the point of business enterprise carry on stock control coordination problem[9], the angle of view quantitative analysis that is from the manufactory produce batch quantity and quantity discounts list price consociation decision of problem[10] research have price in the need flexibility, from one selling party and one the buyer constitute of supply chain contract medium establishment price discount of problem[11], etc..In addition have some a cultural heritage research also never together angle discussion the supply chain whole profits maximize the profits of problem and increment how to carry on allotment of problem[12][13][14].

Answer 5

In this paper, more than one cycle of one pair of running the supply chain system, which the seller may be manufacturers or wholesalers, distributors or the buyer is a retailer, the buyer faced by random market demand, the buyer has a number of different market needs And cost structure. In a traditional sale of the respective decentralized decision-making mode, the supply chain of each of the main maximize their own interests are from the perspective of the decision-making, the buyer will usually choose the economic means of ordering (EOQ) as its optimal bulk orders , And the seller, the buyer because each of the EOQ and ordering cycle is not the same, he is facing a volatile orders cycle length, each have different quantities of product demand flow through to higher inventory to maintain Deal with this order of uncertainty, which is bound to a higher sales price to the buyer. So this model has brought the overall system inefficient operation. In this paper, the purpose of the study is to consider how to price discounts strategy to establish the appropriate coordination mechanism, making the supply chain to improve overall performance, and performance benefits of improved supply chain in the rational allocation of the parties, thereby encouraging suppliers Linked the parties to achieve coordination. In academia, on the strategy of price discounts have been many. Early research focused mainly on supply-chain on one side of the optimal strategy, which is representative of the significance of Monahan in 1984 from a seller's point of view of price discounts model [2], the seller can change the strategy of price discounts The buyer's order volume, the increase in profits, its limitations of the assumption that a buyer's orders to take lot-for-lot form, resulting in many cases, the results are. Department of the optimal solution, then a lot of people in this model on the basis of the expansion [2] [3] [4], to model a more general sense, and to further improve and amend the algorithm. The above documents were assumed market demand for constant, and the price has nothing to do. In the 1990s, the price discounts on the study has begun to shift to use of price discounts supply chain strategy to achieve the coordination of [6] [7] [8], but the vast majority of studies are based on the number of price discounts start of the strategy, including literature [6] assume that market demand is affected by the price elasticity of demand, and reached a conclusion: volume discounts can effectively stimulate the increase in market demand and guarantee Pareto optimal. The literature [7] mainly for single-buyer-seller supply chain of all-unit types and incremental these two types of price discounts based on the number of strategies have been studied, and the market demand and price-sensitive constant divided into two cases to be discussed, The seller also considered the two home-made and outsourcing strategy on the impact of volume discounts, concluded that the number of discount strategy can effectively improve the supply of its overall profits and reasonable distribution. The literature [8] The prices assuming demand is a negative exponential function, the seller take outsourcing strategy, respectively, discussed the cooperation between the two sides and the lack of cooperation both cases, concluded that cooperation can increase the total supply chain profits, increasing market demand. The preparations for the seller to reduce production costs and the buyer's cost of processing orders. Domestic price discount strategy has also undertaken a number of studies, for example, discounts on the number of sales outlets in more enterprises under the coordination of inventory control problems [9], from the manufacturer's perspective quantitative analysis of production volume and quantity discount pricing of the issue of joint decision-making [ 10] in the study of price elasticity of demand conditions, from a single seller and the buyer composed of a single supply chain contract price discounts in the formulation of the problem [11], and so on. In addition, some research literature from different angles on the whole supply chain to maximize profits and increase the profits of the problem how to conduct the allocation of [12] [13] [14].
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