Question

高分求达人帮我翻译成英文一下，谢谢！！！

摘 要
随着人类社会的迅猛发展，科技、经济、文化、教育等都取得了巨大的进步，但同时，人类对自然资源的需求也急剧增加，世界面临着前所未有有压力，资源紧缺和环境污染也成为人类共同关注的话题，由此充分利用现有资源和可再生资源，开发新能源成为未来可持续发展的重要任务。秸秆作为一种丰富的可再生资源，如果能充分的开发利用必将有助于缓解资源紧缺和环境污染。
本文采用水稻秸秆为主要原料，首先进行蒸爆预处理，然后用以甲酸、乙酸、乙醇及蒸馏水四种试剂不同比例配制的酸溶液处理，再将经酸处理的残渣经过无水乙醇、蒸馏水多次清洗，最后过滤干燥，从而得到分理的纤维素。在实验中，通过不同的方法进行对比，以便确定酸处理的最佳酸溶液的配方方案，同时可以分别出不同酸处理方法所得到的纤维素的性能。蒸爆预处理可以将秸秆分离为其主要成份，纤维素、木质素和半纤维素。在蒸爆期间，大部分半纤维素分解，同时一些木质素被解聚酶分解，产生可溶于水的糖和酚类化合物，而用酸后处理的结果便是木质素的充分降解和增加纤维素结晶。因而经过蒸爆预处理和酸处理后，纤维素便是残渣中的主要成分，再经过无水乙醇和蒸馏水的清洗，便除去了残渣中大量的溶于无水乙醇和水的残渣，最后经过滤的剩余残渣便主要为纤维素。
通过酸处理所得到的纤维素最后可以通过不同的分析方法来确定他们的性能特点。在本实验当中，我们采用傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）、热分析（TGA）、X射线衍射（XRD）及透射电子显微镜（SEM）来表征。

关键词 秸秆；纤维素；蒸爆；酸处理；表征

Answer 1

With the rapid development of human society, science and technology, economy, culture, education and so on have made tremendous progress, but at the same time, human demand on natural resources increased dramatically, the world is facing unprecedented pressure, resource shortages and environmental pollution has become Human topics of common concern, thus making full use of existing resources and renewable resources, the development of new energy for sustainable development to become the next important task. Straw as a wealth of renewable resources, if the full development and utilization will certainly help ease the shortage of resources and environmental pollution.

In this paper, using rice straw as raw materials, first of all to steam explosion pretreatment, and then to formic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and distilled water four different reagent preparation of the acid treatment, and then the acid treatment of waste water through Ethanol, distilled water repeatedly cleaning, drying the final filter, which are sub-arguments of cellulose. In the experiment, through different methods were compared to determine the best acid treatment of acid formula programmes, but also acid were different approach to get the performance of the cellulose.Steam explosion pretreatment can be separated for the major components of straw, cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. In the steam explosion, most semi-decomposition of cellulose, lignin be some degradation of decomposition, can produce sugar dissolves in water and phenolic compounds, and after treatment with acid is the result of the full degradation of lignin And increasing the crystallization of cellulose. After steam explosion which pretreatment and acid treatment, the cellulose is the residue of the main ingredients, another ethanol and distilled water cleaning, we remove the residue of a large number of water soluble in ethanol and the residue And finally by the filters of the remaining residue is mainly cellulose.

By acid treatment received by the end of the cellulose through various analytical methods to determine their performance characteristics. In this experiment, we used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (SEM) to characterization.

Keywords straw; cellulose; steam explosion; acid treatment; Characterization

Answer 2

Along with human society's rapid development, the science and technology, the economy, the culture, the education and so on have made the huge progress, but simultaneously, the humanity to natural resource's demand also sharp growth, the world faces is having the pressure unprecedentedly, the resources are scarce and the environmental pollution also becomes the topic which the humanity pays attention together, from the full use existing resources and the renewable resources, will develop the new energy to become in the future the sustainable development important task. The straw stalk take one rich renewable resources, if can the full development use will certainly to be helpful in the alleviation resources is scarce and environmental pollution. this article uses the paddy rice straw stalk is the primary data, first carries on steams explodes the pretreatment, then with by the formic acid, the ethanoic acid, the ethyl alcohol and distilled water four reagent different proportion configuration's acid solution processing, will pass through the acid treatment the residual after the absolute ethyl alcohol, the distilled water to clean many times again, the after-filtration is dry, thus obtains the minute principle cellulose. In the experiment, carries on the contrast through the different method, with the aim of determining that the acid treatment the best acid solution's formula plan, simultaneously may leave the cellulose performance which separately the different acid treatment method obtains. Steams explodes the pretreatment to be possible the straw stalk separation for its essential component, the cellulose, the lignin and the hemicellulose. Is steaming explodes the period, the majority of hemicellulose decompose, simultaneously some lignin decompose by the depolymerase, produce may dissolve in the water sugar and the phenol compound, but is the lignin full degeneration and increases the cellulose crystallization with the sour post-processing's result. After therefore the process steams explodes the pretreatment and the acid treatment, the cellulose is in the residual principal constituent, again after absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water clean, then except residual in massive dissolving in absolute ethyl alcohol and water residual, finally passes through the filtration the surplus residual then is mainly the cellulose. the cellulose which obtains through the acid treatment may determine their performance characteristic finally through the different analysis method. Middle this experiment, we use the Fourier infrared spectrum (FTIR), the thermal analysis (TGA), the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the transmission electron microscope (SEM) attribute.

Answer 3

Along with human society's swift and violent development, the science and technology, the economy, the culture, the education and so on have all made the huge progress, but simultaneously, the humanity to the natural resource demand also sharp growth, the world faces is having the pressure unprecedentedly, the resources scarce and the environmental pollution also becomes the topic which the humanity pays attention together, from this the full use existing resources and the renewable resources, will develop the new energy to become the future sustainable development the important task.The straw stalk take one rich renewable resources, if can the full development use will certainly to be helpful to the alleviation resources scarce and the environmental pollution. This article will use the paddy rice straw stalk is the primary data, first carries on steams explodes the pretreatment, then with by the formic acid, the ethanoic acid, the ethyl alcohol and distilled water four reagent different proportion configuration acid solution processing, will again pass through the acid treatment the residual after the absolute ethyl alcohol, the distilled water cleans many times, the after-filtration will be dry, thus will obtain the minute principle cellulose.In the experiment, carries on the contrast through the different method, in order to the determination acid treatment best acid solution formula plan, simultaneously may separately leave the cellulose performance which the different acid treatment method obtains.Steams explodes the pretreatment to be possible the straw stalk separation for its essential component, the cellulose, the lignin and the hemicellulose.Is steaming explodes the period, the majority of hemicellulose decompose, simultaneously some lignin decompose by the depolymerase, produce may dissolve in the water sugar and the phenol class compound, but uses the sour post-processing the result then is the lignin full degeneration and the increase cellulose crystallization.Thus after the process steams explodes the pretreatment and the acid treatment, the cellulose then is in the residual principal constituent, again passes through the absolute ethyl alcohol and the distilled water clean, then except residual in massive dissolving in absolute ethyl alcohol and water residual, finally passes through the filtration the surplus residual then mainly is the cellulose. The cellulose obtains which through the acid treatment finally may determine their performance characteristic through the different analysis method.Middle this experiment, we use Fourier infrared spectrum (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA), X beam diffract (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (SEM) attribute.
Key word straw stalk; Cellulose; Steams explodes; Acid treatment; Attribute