Question

寻求建筑英语翻译希望专业人士多帮忙

slab-to-column framing systems are often used because they provide more open spaces than other framing systems .In regions with significant seismic activity ,engineers combine them with structural wall s or moment –resisting frames to import lateral stiffness and strength ,according to Gustavo Parra-Montesinos, one of the principal investigators on the Fiber-Reinforced Concrete project and an associate professor in the civil and environmental engineering department at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor . Parra-Montesinos says that since engineers discovered in the 1980s and 1990s that earthquake –induced lateral motions could cause punching shear failures-the column“punching”through the surface of the slab-they have been using special reinforcements at the slab-to-column connections when designing such framing systems in seismic regions. The connections are typically reinforced with double-headed studs, which, while effective ,are costly and may interfere with other necessary reinforcement in the concrete members.
The Michigan and Minnesota researchers wanted to find more ductile but comparably priced alternatives to these reinforcement methods. They theorized that by using some type of fiber-reinforced concrete in the slabs, such special reinforcement could be eliminated altogether.
In conducting their tests, the researchers discovered that certain types of fiber reinforcement increased the amount of story drift necessary to cause punching shear damage in the connection. Three types of test s were conducted in the investigation: monotonic loading, unidirectional cyclic displacement, and bidirectional cyclic displacement. The monotonic tests involved pushing straight down on a slab until it broke .The unidirectional cyclic displacement tests involved moving an isolate slab-to-column assembly back and forth in one direction; the bidirectional displacement tests involved moving the specimen back and forth in two directions.

Answer 1

大意是

板，以柱框架系统是常用的，因为他们提供更多休憩用地比其他框架系统。地区的显着地震活动，工程师相结合，与结构墙s或时刻抗框架，以进口的横向刚度和强度，根据古斯塔沃。帕拉-蒙特西诺斯，其中一个主要调查人员对纤维钢筋混凝土工程和副教授，在土木与环境工程系，密西根大学在安阿伯。帕拉-蒙特西诺斯说，因为工程师发现，在8 0年代和9 0年代的地震引起的横向的议案可能导致冲切失败-栏“冲床”透过表面的板坯，他们已使用特殊的增援部队在板坯到栏连接在设计时，如制定系统在地震区域。连接通常是钢筋与双头钉，其中，而有效的，成本高昂，可能会干扰其他必要的加固在混凝土中的成员。
密歇根州和明尼苏达州的研究人员想找到更多的韧性，但相对的价格替代这些加固方法。他们的理论，通过使用某种类型的纤维增强混凝土，在砖，这种特殊加固，可完全消除。
在他们进行测试，研究人员发现，某些类型的纤维增强数额增加的故事，漂移要事业冲切损害的连接。三种类型的试验分别进行了调查：单调加载，单向循环的位移，和双向循环位移。单调测试所涉及的推直，对板坯，直到它发生。单向循环位移测试所涉及的提出一项孤立板，以柱大会背部和提出的一个方向;双向位移测试所涉及的移动标本回和提出的两个方向。

Answer 2

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