Question

如何将Oracle数据库数据文件迁移到其它目录

Answer 1

Oracle更改数据文件位置
方法一：offline表空间
1、offline表空间：alter tablespace tablespace_name offline；
2、复制数据文件到新的目录；
3、rename修改表空间，并修改控制文件；
4、online表空间；

1、offline表空间zerone
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ZERONE01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\RMANTS.DBF
已选择7行。

SQL> alter tablespace zerone offline;
表空间已更改。
2、复制数据文件到新的目录
复制数据文件C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ZERONE01.DBF到C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\ZERONE01.DBF。
3、rename修改表空间数据文件为新的位置，并修改控制文件
SQL> alter tablespace zerone rename datafile 'c:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\zerone01.dbf' to 'c:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orcl\zerone01.dbf';
表空间已更改。
4、online表空间
SQL> alter tablespace zerone online;
表空间已更改。

SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\ZERONE01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\RMANTS.DBF
已选择7行。

SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='ZERONE';
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZERONE C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\ZERONE01.DBF

方法二：SQL修改数据文件位置
1、关闭数据库；
2、复制数据文件到新的位置；
3、启动数据库到mount状态；
4、通过SQL修改数据文件位置；
5、打开数据库；
1、关闭数据库
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\ZERONE01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\RMANTS.DBF
已选择7行。

SQL> shutdown immediate;
数据库已经关闭。
已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
2、复制数据文件到新的位置；
将数据文件C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\ZERONE01.DBF复制到C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ZERONE01.DBF。
3、启动数据库到mount状态；
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE 例程已经启动。
Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1247900 bytes
Variable Size 96470372 bytes
Database Buffers 67108864 bytes
Redo Buffers 2945024 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
4、通过SQL修改数据文件位置；
SQL> alter database rename file 'c:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orcl\zerone01.dbf' to 'c:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\zerone01.dbf';
数据库已更改。
5、打开数据库；
SQL> alter database open;
数据库已更改。

SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ZERONE01.DBF
C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\RMANTS.DBF
已选择7行。

SQL> select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='ZERONE';
FILE_NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZERONE C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ZERONE01.DBF

Answer 2

您好，很高兴为您解答。

源数据库数据文件位置：/u01/oradata/orcl

实验中想把数据文件迁移到的位置：/u01/oradata/orcl_test

源数据库数据文件位置：
sys@ORCL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
----------------------------------------
/u01/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
/u01/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
sys@ORCL> select file_name from dba_temp_files;
FILE_NAME
----------------------------------------
/u01/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf

sys@ORCL> col member for a30
sys@ORCL> select member from v$logfile ;
MEMBER
------------------------------
/u01/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
/u01/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

需要移动所有的数据文件，采用alter database 方法
1、关闭数据库
sys@ORCL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
2、移动数据文件到/u01/oradata/orcl_test目录
[oracle@ora10gserv orcl]$ pwd
/u01/oradata/orcl
[oracle@ora10gserv orcl]$ mv * /u01/oradata/orcl_test/
[oracle@ora10gserv orcl]$ ls
[oracle@ora10gserv orcl]$ cd /u01/oradata/orcl_test/
[oracle@ora10gserv orcl_test]$ ls
control01.ctl control03.ctl redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
control02.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
3、修改控制文件位置
[oracle@ora10gserv /]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Aug 2 00:05:27 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 465567744 bytes
Fixed Size 1220024 bytes
Variable Size 146801224 bytes
Database Buffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
SQL> create pfile='/u01/initorcl.ora' from spfile;
File created.
SQL> host vi /u01/initorcl.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=314572800
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=138412032
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/dba/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/dba/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_file_record_keep_time=14
*.control_files='/u01/oradata/orcl_test/control01.ctl','/u01/oradata/orcl_test/control02.ctl','/u01/oradata/orcl_test/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/dba/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain='lsf.com.cn'
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/dba/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/arch_orcl'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=154140672
*.processes=1000
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=2000
*.sga_target=463470592
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=10800
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/dba/admin/orcl/udump'
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='/u01/initorcl.ora';
File created.
4、启动数据库到mount状态，更改数据文件位置
idle> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 465567744 bytes
Fixed Size 1220024 bytes
Variable Size 146801224 bytes
Database Buffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
idle> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/orcl_test/system01.dbf';
Database altered.
idle> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/orcl_test/undotbs01.dbf';
Database altered.
idle> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/orcl_test/sysaux01.dbf';
Database altered.
idle> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf' to '/u01/oradata/orcl_test/users01.dbf';
Database altered.

5、继续接着第4步，更改联机日志文件位置
idle> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' to '/u01/oradata/orcl_test/redo01.log';
Database altered.
idle> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' to '/u01/oradata/orcl_test/redo02.log';
Database altered.
idle> alter database rename file '/u01/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' to '/u01/oradata/orcl_test/redo03.log';
Database altered.

6、打开数据库
idle> alter database open;
Database altered.
idle> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
sys@ORCL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
----------------------------------------
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/system01.dbf
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/users01.dbf
sys@ORCL> select file_name from dba_temp_files;
FILE_NAME
----------------------------------------
/u01/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
sys@ORCL> col member for a40
sys@ORCL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
----------------------------------------
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/redo01.log
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/redo02.log
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/redo03.log

sys@ORCL> col name for a50
sys@ORCL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/control01.ctl
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/control02.ctl
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/control03.ctl
7、临时文件的处理
由于控制文件不记录临时文件的信息，所以不能使用alter database rename file 命令完成，只能删除掉原来的再创建一个
sys@ORCL> create temporary tablespace temp02 tempfile '/u01/oradata/orcl_test/temp02.dbf' size 200m autoextend on extent management local uniform size 1m;
Tablespace created.
sys@ORCL> alter database default temporary tablespace temp02;
Database altered.
sys@ORCL> drop tablespace temp including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.
sys@ORCL> select file_name from dba_temp_files;
FILE_NAME
----------------------------------------
/u01/oradata/orcl_test/temp02.dbf

[oracle@ora10gserv orcl_test]$ ls -l
total 1427572
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Aug 2 00:20 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Aug 2 00:20 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 7061504 Aug 2 00:20 control03.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 00:20 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 00:15 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Aug 2 00:15 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 251666432 Aug 2 00:20 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 503324672 Aug 2 00:20 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209723392 Jul 21 22:00 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209723392 Aug 2 00:20 temp02.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 419438592 Aug 2 00:20 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 104865792 Aug 2 00:15 users01.dbf
[oracle@ora10gserv orcl_test]$ rm -rf temp01.dbf
sys@ORCL> select username,temporary_tablespace from dba_users;
USERNAME TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
MGMT_VIEW TEMP02
SYS TEMP02
SYSTEM TEMP02
DBSNMP TEMP02
SYSMAN TEMP02
OUTLN TEMP02
MDSYS TEMP02
ORDSYS TEMP02
CTXSYS TEMP02
ANONYMOUS TEMP02
EXFSYS TEMP02
DMSYS TEMP02
WMSYS TEMP02
XDB TEMP02
ORDPLUGINS TEMP02
SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA TEMP02
OLAPSYS TEMP02
MDDATA TEMP02
DIP TEMP02
TSMSYS TEMP02
20 rows selected.

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