Question

到装句 的各种用法句型

Answer 1

一、语法倒装 　　 　　1．so, neither, nor 位于句首，表示主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时，句子要部分倒装;如果是对对方所述情况表示肯定或否定则不倒装。 　　例1 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.(05全国Ⅲ) 　　 A. so does John B. John does too 　　 C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John 　　分析：本题考查倒装句的基本用法。根据句意，后半句也表示否定意义，nor 提前句子倒装。这里nor does John 相当于John doesn’t either。所以正确答案为D。 　　例2 ——You forgot your purse when you went out. (02 上海) 　　 ——Good heavens, ____. 　　 A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did 　　分析：有时so放在前面时，只是对对方所陈述的内容表示肯定，这时句子不用倒装。所提供的情景Good heavens 说明自己确实在出门时忘了带钱包，所以正确答案为B。 　　2．as引导让步状语从句时，常将表语或状语置于句首。 　　例1 ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 　　(05 重庆31) 　　 A. A quiet student as he may be 　　 B. Quiet student as he may be 　　 C. Be a quiet student as he may be 　　 D. Quiet as he may be a student 　　分析:本题考查由as引导的倒装句，通常将表语或状语提前，若表语是名词时，省略冠词。所以正确答案为B。 　　例2 Difficult as the homework was, it was finished in time. 　　 作业尽管难，还是及时完成了。 　　例3 Try as he would, he might fail again. 　　 尽管他尝试，可能会再一次失败。 　　3．在if 非真实条件句中，如果从句中有should, were或助动词had时，可省去if，将这些词提到句首。 　　例1 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 　　 如果你处在我的位置，你也会这样做。 　　例2 Had he been given more time, he would have done it much 　　 better. 如果给更多时间，他会做得更好。 　　例3 Should Professor Smith come here tomorrow, we would discuss 　　 this matter with him again. 　　如果史密斯教授明天来，我们会再次和他谈这事。 　　4．在“here (there, now, then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，谓语动词为be, stand, lie, come, go, fall等的一般现在时或一般过去时，句子为全部倒装。 　　例1 Now comes your turn. 轮到你了。 　　例2 Then followed three days of heavy rain. 紧接着了三天大雨。 　　注：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。 　　例3 Here it is. 在这儿。 　　 　　二、修辞倒装 　　 　　1．以表方位的副词out, in, up, down, away， off 等开头的句子里，句子要全部倒装。目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。 　　Out rushed the boys. 男孩们冲了出来。 　　Away went his hat. 他的帽子掉了。 　　注：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。如： 　　In he comes. 他进来了。 　　2.含有否定含义的词（词组） hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, neither, nor, not until, no sooner, in no way, at no time, by no means等位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。 　　例1 Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (05 上海39) 　　 A. has this city been B. this city has been 　　 C. was this city D. this city was 　　分析:在此题中否定词never 提前，句子要部分倒装，根据句意需用完成时。所以正确答案为A。 　　例2 They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German.(05天津4) 　　 A. have B. did C. had D. do 　　分析：在此题中否定词little提前，句子用部分倒装，根据前面时态的运用，后面的句子要用一般现在时，所以正确答案为D。 　　3.并列连接词not only…but also, neither…nor等连接句子时，如果not only, neither在句首句子要用部分倒装。 　　例1 ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for 　　 entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（04上海41） 　　 A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring 　　 C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 分析:在此题中not only在句首,句子用部分倒装,即把助动词提到主语前。所以正确答案为B。但需注意：若not only…but also 连接两个句子时，只倒装前一句，而neither…nor连接两个句子时，都采用倒装形式。 　　例2 Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既未回家他的父母又没来找他。 　　例3 Neither at this meeting nor at the previous did they discuss the proposal. 在这次和上次会议上4.so, such位于句首，后带表语或状语时，其后所接的主句要部分倒装。 　　例1 ____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(05 江苏35) 　　 A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple 　　 C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 　　分析:考查so+adj./adv.…that句型，把so放在句首时，要把情态动词或系动词等提到主语的前面。the couple作主语时谓语动词用复数。所以正确答案为B。 　　例2 So shallow was the lake that there is no fish in it. 　　湖那么浅，以至于里面没有鱼。 　　5.带有only的状语放在句首表强调时，句子部分倒装。 　　例1 Only after my friend came, ____. 　　 A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer 　　 C. was the computer repaired D. the computer repaired 　　分析:当only在句首修饰状语时，后面要倒装。又因为repair和the computer之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用被动语态，所以正确答案为C。 　　例2 Only in this way can you master English. 　　只有这样你才能掌握英语。 　　6．表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。 　　例1 Present at the meeting were Mr. Wang, Miss Liu and many 　　 other guests. 王先生、刘小姐和很多其他客人出席了会议。 　　例2 Gone are the days when we had no enough food to support the family. 我们没有足够的食物养家糊口的日子一去不复返了。 　　7.may等表示祝愿，置于句首，引起部分倒装。 　　例1 Long live peace!和平万岁！ 　　例2 May you succeed！祝你成功！ 　　8．表地点的介词短语在句中作状语时，为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调状语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，句子全部倒装。 　　例1 In the dark forest ____, some large enough to hold several 　　 English towns.(05 辽宁35) 　　 A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes 　　 C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand 　　分析:in the dark forest作状语提前时，句子全部倒装。表示“坐落，位于”， 用lie更确切，所以正确答案为B。 　　例2 From the valley came a frightening sound. 　　山谷传来了吓人的声音。 　　Below the mountain ran a little stream. 山下有条小溪。 　　例3 They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat an old 　　 woman. 他们到了一个小屋，一位老太太坐在屋前面。 　　9．连词as, than引导的状语从句，为保持句子平衡，常用全部倒装，也可用部分倒装。 　　例 He traveled a great deal as did most of his friend. 　　 他去过很多地方旅游，他的大多数朋友也是如此。 　　 　　三、复合宾语倒装 　　 　　复合宾语的正常语序为“宾语+宾语补足语”，但有时因宾语太长，为保持平衡，将宾语补足语提到宾语前。 　　例1 Many people consider impossible what is possible. 　　许多人把本来可能做到的事认为不可能做到。 　　例2 He made good his promise by buying his son a toy-bus. 　　他实现了自己的诺言，给儿子买了辆玩具汽车。 　　例3 Let come what may. 要发生什么就发生什么吧。 ，他们都没讨论这个提议。

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Answer 2

洛基英语的老师解析倒装句：

倒装有两种:

将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装。如:In came a man with a white beard.

只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装。如:Only once was John late to class.

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。

一、 表示强调:

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:

1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

eg.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

eg.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

eg. No sooner had I got home than it beg.an to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。

eg. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

eg.So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

二、 承上启下

有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。

eg.They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

eg. We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛

在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:

Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。

再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:

Out of the bosom of the Air,

Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

Over the woodlands brown and bare,

Over the harvest-fields forsaken,

Silent, and soft, and slow,

Descends the snow.

在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。

四、 平衡结构

英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。

1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。

eg.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

eg.A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。

eg.On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

eg.Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。

2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。

eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。

3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。

eg.Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。

五、 使描写生动

有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。

eg.Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。

eg.Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。

eg.Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!

eg.Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!

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