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1 关系代词作介词宾语，即 介词+关系代词，指物只能用which
Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.
2 非限制定语从句中，指物只能用which， 亦可指整个前面的句子。
He reads English every day, which does good to his English study.
只用that
1 先行词为不定代词: one much everything all any ...
2 先行词被形容词最高级所修饰
3 先行词被序数词所修饰
4 先行词由only ,just ,very, right等修饰
5 在以which 开头的特殊疑问举重，避免重复用that.
6 先行词在从句中担任表语，从句的关系词用that
what 一般指代主语
首先，that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。
其次，记得以下只能用that的几种情况：
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
如：You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候，我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
如： This is the very book that I’m looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。
6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。
如：Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他？
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 哪个是离地球比较近的星星？
8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如：That’s a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。
如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
I did't remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
最后，请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:1. 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。如： The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 例如： This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
2. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
最后，记得这个特殊情况吧：当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which，that可以省略。
如： She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. 她喜欢那个孩子因为她爱着孩子的父亲。
He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很难想象，他开车开得那么快。
The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他来这里的原因是寻求我们的帮助。What和which的区别1,what 表示什么，what class are you in 指你在什么班，比如艺术班，书法班，数学班，等等，但which class are you in指的是你在哪一个班，问话的人事先知道有哪些班，然后问对方在那个，或一班，二班，或艺术、数学其中的班。二者在这个用法上的区别不是特别大。有时候可以换用，根据习惯用。2，当这个句子用在非限制性从句中时，就必须用which，而不是what.比如，the class 4, which class are you in, is a goog class.
that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如：
1. 用that的例子
That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。
The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time. 警察获知他那时不在场。
He realized that she too was exhausted. 他意识到她也精疲力尽。
My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country. 我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。
Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is a holiday. 鲍勃错误地认为明天是一个假日。
It was quite plain that he didn’t want to come. 很明显他不想来。
It is natural that they should have different views. 他们看法不同是很自然的。
2. 用what的例子
What (=The thing that) he said was true. 他所讲的是事实。
What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。
What he said is beneath contempt. 他说的话不值一理。
What he says is true, possibly. 或许他说的是对的。
What she saw gave her a fright. 她看到的情况吓了她一跳。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的是这一点。
I’m sorry for what I said. 我为我说的话表示歉意。
That’s what I want to know. 这是我想知道的。
You had better hear what I have to say. 你最好听听我的意见。
I managed to get what I wanted. 我设法得到了我要的东西。
It was what he meant rather than what he said. 这是他的原意而不是他的原话。
There’s something in what he says. 他的话有些道理。
Her interest was roused by what he said. 他的话引起了她的兴趣。
He was always conscious of the fact that she did not approve of what he was doing. 他一向清楚她不太赞成他的做法。
注：that 可引导同位语从句，what不能。如:
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.
2 非限制定语从句中，指物只能用which， 亦可指整个前面的句子。
He reads English every day, which does good to his English study.
只用that
1 先行词为不定代词: one much everything all any ...
2 先行词被形容词最高级所修饰
3 先行词被序数词所修饰
4 先行词由only ,just ,very, right等修饰
5 在以which 开头的特殊疑问举重，避免重复用that.
6 先行词在从句中担任表语，从句的关系词用that
what 一般指代主语
首先，that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。
其次，记得以下只能用that的几种情况：
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。
如：We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。
Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 有关此事，凡是你所知道的请告诉我。
2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。
如：You can take any seat that is free. 任何空着的座位你都可以坐。
There is little work that is fit for you. 几乎没有适合你的工作。
3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如：When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. 人们谈论起中国的城市的时候，我首先 想到的是北京。
This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们校本学期放映的第四部电影。
4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
如：The best that I could do was to apologize. 我唯一能做的就是赔礼道歉了。
This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的一本最有趣的故事书。
5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。
如： This is the very book that I’m looking for. 这正是我在找的书。
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。如：I need the same book that / as you have. 我需要有你一样的书。
6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。
如： They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。
7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。
如：Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? 曾经和他一起工作过的谁不钦佩他？
Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 哪个是离地球比较近的星星？
8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。
如：That’s a good book that will help you a lot. 那是本对你很有帮助的书。
Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们的学校现在已不是过去的那个样子了。
9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。
如：I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world.我很清楚地记得当我第一次听到世界上最美的声音的时候。
I did't remember the exact time （when/that） I arrived in Shanghai last month. 我不记得上个月到达上海的确切时间了。
最后，请注意以下几种只能使用which的情况:1. 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。如： The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 例如： This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
2. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。
如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
最后，记得这个特殊情况吧：当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which，that可以省略。
如： She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. 她喜欢那个孩子因为她爱着孩子的父亲。
He didn’t like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜欢她对他的母亲那样说话。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很难想象，他开车开得那么快。
The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他来这里的原因是寻求我们的帮助。What和which的区别1,what 表示什么，what class are you in 指你在什么班，比如艺术班，书法班，数学班，等等，但which class are you in指的是你在哪一个班，问话的人事先知道有哪些班，然后问对方在那个，或一班，二班，或艺术、数学其中的班。二者在这个用法上的区别不是特别大。有时候可以换用，根据习惯用。2，当这个句子用在非限制性从句中时，就必须用which，而不是what.比如，the class 4, which class are you in, is a goog class.
that与what引导名词性从句的区别
that引导名词性从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，在宾语从句通常省略，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略；what除引导从句外，还在从句中作成分，意为“所……的(东西)”，在含义上等于“名词+that”。如：
1. 用that的例子
That she lacks experience is obvious. 她缺少经验，这是显然的。
The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time. 警察获知他那时不在场。
He realized that she too was exhausted. 他意识到她也精疲力尽。
My idea is that you shouldn’t have left the country. 我的意见是你不应该离开那个国家。
Bob has the mistaken idea that tomorrow is a holiday. 鲍勃错误地认为明天是一个假日。
It was quite plain that he didn’t want to come. 很明显他不想来。
It is natural that they should have different views. 他们看法不同是很自然的。
2. 用what的例子
What (=The thing that) he said was true. 他所讲的是事实。
What he had hoped at last came true. 他希望的事终于成为现实。
What he said is beneath contempt. 他说的话不值一理。
What he says is true, possibly. 或许他说的是对的。
What she saw gave her a fright. 她看到的情况吓了她一跳。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的是这一点。
I’m sorry for what I said. 我为我说的话表示歉意。
That’s what I want to know. 这是我想知道的。
You had better hear what I have to say. 你最好听听我的意见。
I managed to get what I wanted. 我设法得到了我要的东西。
It was what he meant rather than what he said. 这是他的原意而不是他的原话。
There’s something in what he says. 他的话有些道理。
Her interest was roused by what he said. 他的话引起了她的兴趣。
He was always conscious of the fact that she did not approve of what he was doing. 他一向清楚她不太赞成他的做法。
注：that 可引导同位语从句，what不能。如:
Have you any idea what time it starts? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
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