Question

could,would,should三个词有什么不同？请系统阐述。比如用法什么的

Answer 1

could、would、should的区别为：

一、指代不同

1、could：能，可以。

2、would：将，将会。

3、should：应该，应当。

二、侧重点不同

1、could：比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。

2、would：委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。

3、should：表示委婉地陈述自己的意见。

三、引证用法不同

1、could：could为助动词can的过去式，其后可接不带to的动词不定式。could有两种否定形式，即couldnot和could not，其缩写形式为couldn't。

2、would：would也可用作情态动词will的过去式，用于陈述语气时可表示过去的意志、决心、习惯或反复性的动作，表示关于过去的或然性、似真性或揣测。

3、should：should侧重自己的主观看法，语气比ought to稍弱一些。

Answer 2

　　could,should和would都是情态动词，也是助动词。
　　should，在汉语中，常译为：应该。 而would常译为：可以或者是将要。could 常译为：能够。

　　　could, should和would除了分别是can，shall和will的过去式，还有其他的用法：

　　1.could的用法
　　(1)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度：
　　How could John be so arrogant？约翰怎么这么傲慢？
　　He couldn't be over forty. 他不可能有40多岁了。
　　Where could she be now？ 她现在能在哪儿呢？
　　以上三个句子可以用can代替could，两者在时间上没有差别，只是用could时语气较缓和，用can时不相信程度更强一些。
　　(2)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法：
　　Could(Can) you lend me your walkman？你能把随身听借给我用一下吗？
　　Could I see your credentials？我可以看看你的证件吗？
　　这时could和can没有时间上的差别。
　　(3)在虚拟条件句中作助动词，与谓语动词一起构成谓语：
　　I could do it (if I would).（假如我愿意的话）我是能办到这一点的。（指说话人不愿意）
　　You could have done better if you had been more careful. 你要是再细心一点，是可以做得更好的。

　　2.should的用法
　　(1)表示惊异、赞叹、不满等情绪：
　　It is simply a miracle that rice should grow in such a place. 稻子竟能在这样的地方生长，这实在是个奇迹。
　　It's wonderful that you should get full marks. 你得了满分真了不起。
　　Why should you be so late today？你今天怎么来得这么晚？
　　(2)表示委婉地陈述自己的意见：
　　I should think you are right. 我想你是对的。
　　(3)（表示语气较强的假设）万一，竟然：
　　If he should fail to come, ask Tom to work in his place. 万一他不来，就叫汤姆代替他工作。
　　(4)（表示可能性、推测）可能，该：
　　My sister should be home by now. 我妹妹现在应该到家了。
　　(5)（表示建议、命令、愿意等）应该：
　　I move that he should come with us. 我坚持他应和我们一起去。

　　 3.would的用法
　　(1)用在虚拟语气的主句中：
　　If you went to see him, he would be delighted. 如果你去看他，他一定非常高兴。
　　She would have come if she hadn't been so busy. 要不是忙她就来了。
　　(2)委婉地提出请求、建议或看法：
　　Would you take a seat？ 请坐！
　　(3)表示意愿，在陈述语气和虚拟语气都可用：
　　He would not leave before he finished his work. 他在完成工作以前不愿离开。
　　(4)表示过去反复发生的动作：
　　Now and then a blackbird would call. 不时会有山鸟叫。
　　(5)表示过去的一种倾向:
　　The wound would not heal. 伤口老不愈合。
　　(6)表示推测：
　　That would be in spring 1989. 那大概是在1989年春天。

Answer 3

could是can的过去式，would是礼貌用语，should是需要的意思

Answer 4

1 情态动词的语法特征
1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生.
2） 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式.
3） 情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s.
4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式.
2 比较can 和be able to
1）can could 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和过去式(could).be able to可以用于各种时态.
They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了.
2）只用be able to
a. 位于助动词后.
b. 情态动词后.
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时.
d. 用于句首表示条件.
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could.
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意：could不表示时态
1）提出委婉的请求,（注意在回答中不可用could）.
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2）在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑.
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人.
3 比较may和might
1） 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首,表示祝愿.
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意： might 表示推测时,不表示时态.只是可能性比may 小.
2） 成语： may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨".
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可从后半句推出.
4 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要.
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来.(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作.（主观上要做这件事）
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式.但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务.
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3） 在否定结构中： don't have to 表示"不必"
mustn't 表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他.
You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他.
5 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定".
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式.
You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天,一定累了.（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢.
比较：
He must be staying there.
他现在肯定呆在那里.
He must stay there.
他必须呆在那.
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式.
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了.
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式.
---Why didn't you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推测用can't.
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家.
6 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下：
1）情态动词+动词原形.
表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词.
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.
2）情态动词+动词现在进行时.
表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测.
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷.
3）情态动词+动词完成时.
表示对过去情况的推测.
We would have finished this work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了.
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了.
4）情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时.
表示对过去正在发生事情的推测.
Your mother must have been looking for you.
你妈妈一定一直在找你.
5）推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示.
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的.
注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may.
7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情.
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思.
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做.否定句表示"不该做某事而做了".
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了.）
ought to 在语气上比should 要强.
4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
8 should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称.
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
表示要求,命令时,语气由 should（应该）、had better最好）、must（必须）渐强.
9 had better表示"最好"
had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形.
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.
She'd better not play with the dog.
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好".
You had better have come earlier.
10 would rather表示"宁愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿.
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思.
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B.本题考查情态动词rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为"宁愿",本题为疑问句,would 提前,所以选B.
11 will和would
注意：
1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配.
Would you like to go with me?
2）Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any.
Would you like some cake?
3）否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气.
Won't you sit down?
12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't
Must you…? /don't have to.
典型例题
1）---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态.答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might.复习： will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令.should与you 连用,用来提出劝告.
2）---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A.needn't 不必,不用. wouldn't 将不, 不会的. mustn't 禁止、不能. shouldn't 不应该.本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't.
3）---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、决心",本题表示决心,选B.
13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,为六个.它们的疑问,否定形式应予以注意：
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用.其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词协助.
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told
答案A.由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have.
14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用.作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句. need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略.
1) 实义动词： need （需要, 要求）
need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词： need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not.
Need you go yet?
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动：
need doing = need to be done