without的用法
without的用法：1、接在not、never等否定副词后，表示强调与肯定。2、表示否定，意为“没有”、“不需要”。3、表示条件，意为“若无”、“若非”。4、与动名词形式连用，表示“不”、“无”。5、后接复合宾语，常用结构有：without+宾语+过去分词、without+宾语+不定式等。
一、without的基本用法
1.(用在no,not,never等否定副词之后,强调肯定)没有……不,没有……则不能……,每……必定…….如：
You can't get rich without taking risks.人不冒险不富.
The old man cannot walk without a stick.那位老先生离开手杖就走不了路.
Don't go out without a coat:you'll catch your death.别不穿外套出去,会得重感冒的.
2.(表否定)没有,无,不需.如：
The letter was posted without a stamp.那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了.
We got there without any trouble.我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦.
You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella.雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的.
3.(表条件)若无,若非.如：
I don't like to go to a country without knowing something of the language.我要是不懂得一点那个国家的语言,就不想到那个国家去.
Without water,we cannot live.没有水,我们就活不了.
Can you see without your glasses?你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗?
4.(与-ing形式连用)不,无,没.如：
She entered the room without knocking.她没敲门就进了房间.
They had to stand for hours without changing position.他们得一动不动地站几个小时.
It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking.你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的.
二、without作表语的用法
without引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语.如：
She is completely without shame.她恬不知耻.
My investigations were without result.我的调查毫无结果.
三、without后接复合宾语的用法
without后接复合宾语的常用结构如下：
1.without+宾语+介词短语
We'd be better off without them as neighbors.要是没有这些邻居,我们就过得更愉快了.
I don't like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.我不喜欢加糖的咖啡,里边不加糖我更喜欢.
2.without+宾语+副词
I'd be lost without you here.没有你在这儿,我会一筹莫展.
I'm very near-sighted without my glasses on.我要是不戴眼镜十分近视.
3.without+宾语+动名词
Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.无人注意,他从窗户溜了出去.
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.他们争论了几个小时,也没作出决定.
4.without+宾语+过去分词
Without another word exchanged,they started off.没有再交谈一句,他们就出发了.
5.without+宾语+不定式
Without anyone to help,how can we go on?没有人帮忙,我们怎么能进行下去?
It was boring to sit there without anything to do.无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了.
