Question

宾语补足语是什么?

Answer 1

宾语补足语:
　　某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语.
宾语补足语有以下几类.
1.由动词不定式充当.多数是带to的不定式,也有不带to的不定式.1).要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell,ask,invite,force,get,beg,allow,wish,want,like,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,advise,permit,order,warn,cause等.eg.
I would prefer you not to change your plan．
我宁愿你不要改变计划.
They encouraged me to try again．他们鼓励我再次尝试.
2).某些动词如think,consider,believe,know,find等后面作宾语补足语的不定式常用to be + adj．的结构.
eg.
We believed him to be stupid．我们认为他很笨.
He didn”t consider himself (to be) important．
他并不认为自己重要.
3).某些动词如make,have,let,see,hear,watch,notice,feel等后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.
eg.
He made us stay for tea．他使我们留下来吃茶点.
Let me introduce you to Miss Li．让我介绍你和李小姐认识.
Did you notice me leave/leaving the house
你注意到我离开了（正在离开）那房子吗?
4).变为被动语态时,不定式符号to必须保留.
eg.
People who won”t work should be made to work．
必须要不愿工作的人工作.
The middle-aged man was seen to enter the building．
人们看见那中年男子走进大楼.
2.由-ing形式或过去分词充当.
1).当宾语补足语的动作由作宾语的名词或代词发出时,宾语补足语用-ing形式.
eg.
He could hear his heart beating fast．
他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快.
Do you smell something buring?你闻到烧焦的气味了吗?
2).当宾语是宾语补足语发出的动作对象时,宾语补足语用过去分词形式.
eg.
You'd better have the desk painted．你最好请人把课桌漆一下.
I've never heard the song sung．我从未听见那首歌被人唱过.
3.由名词充当.
某些动词call,name,make,elect,think,find,consider,appoint后接名词或代词作其语,再接名词作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的身份.
eg.
He made her secretary．他挑选她当秘书.
Her parents died,leaving her an orphan．
她父母双亡,使她成了孤儿.
They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country．
他们把巴黎看作国家的大脑和心脏.
4.由形容词充当.
某些动词如make,paint,keep,find,like,want等后接名词或代词作宾语,再接形容词作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语的状态、特征等.有的已构成固定词组.
eg.
Do you like your tea weak or strong?
你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点?
You must keep the classroom clean．你应保持教室清洁.
The boy was beaten black and blue．男孩被打得青一块紫一块.