Question

求一篇有简单定语从句的英文文章？

Answer 1

定语从句
基本概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句在句中的作用相当于一个形容次, 因此也叫形容词性从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的次叫关系词.
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种. 关系代词和关系副词在句中起引导定语从句的作用,同时又在定语从句中担任主语,宾语,表语,定语和状语等成分.
e.g. He is the only person that I can trust. the only person是先行词,that 是关系代词,关系代词做trust的宾语.
e.g. Do you still remember the factory where a big fire broke out last winter?
the factory 是先行词,where是关系副词, 关系副词 where做状语.
第一节 关系代词 关系代词有：who, whom , whose, which , that ,as 等.
1) who , whom
who 和whom 只用于指人,who 在定语从句中作主语,whom作宾语,但在口语中常用who代替whom作宾语（作宾语时可省去）.
e.g. The professor who gave us a lecture last Friday is from Beijing University.
The man (who/whom)you saw just now is a famous painter.
特别提醒
当关系代词whom作宾语从句中介词的宾语时,可将介词放在定语从句后,也可将其置于whom之前,介词位于whom之前时,不可用who或that替换.
e.g. The man whom (who , that) I spoke to just now from Japan.(whom作介词 to的宾语,可用 who或 that替换)
但 “The man to whom I spoke just now came from Japan.”句中,只能用whom.
2) which
which 只用于指物,也可指整个主句的概念,在定语从句中作主语和宾语（作宾语时可省去）.
e.g. I lost the pen (which) my father gave me last year.
The letter which came just now is from my uncle.
It rained all day long , which forced the sports meet to be put off.
特别提醒
which作介词宾语时,还可将介词放在which之前, 这时不能用that替换.
e.g. The soldiers came to a farmhouse , in front of which sat a *** all boy.
3) that that 在定语从句中既可指人,也可指物,可担任主语和宾语,常可以代替which、who和whom.
e.g. That’s the man (that) we met yesterday. My hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.
4) whose whose 既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中放在名词前作定语.
e.g. We live in a room whose windows face south. Do you know the boy whose brother is a famous artist?
5) as
a. as也可作关系代词,指整个主句的概念,常译为“正如”之意,在句中作主语或宾语.as引导的定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后.
e.g. More than seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water, as we all know.
As is reported in the papers , our country has launched another manmade earth satellite.
b. as引导定语从句还常放在 the same …和such…后.
e.g. This is the same one as I showed you the other day. Keep away from such things as will do you harm.
第二节 关系副词
关系副词有when, where, why等,在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语等.
1).when when在定语从句中作时间状语.
e.g. Einstein had to stop his research work in the year when the First World War broke out.
That happened on the day when I saw you.
2) where where在定语从句中作地点状语.
e.g. What is the name of the town where we stayed last?
My neighbor bought this TV set in the shop where her brother works.
3) why why 在定语从句中作原因状语,多放在名词the reason后.
e.g. The reason why he did it will always remain a mystery.
I don’t know the reason why he always looks at me coldly.
特别提醒
1．如果定语从句修饰的地点或时间名词在句中作主语或宾语,这时要用关系代词that或which,而不用关系副词where或when.
e.g. This is a place which I’ve longed to visit.(因先行词a place 作visit的宾语,所以用which,而不用where.)
Do you remember the years that we spent in the countryside?（因先行词the years 作spent的宾语,所以用that,而不用when）
2．that也可用作关系副词,在定语从句中作状语,常用在the day, the time , the moment ,the year, the way ,the reason等名词之后（也可省略）.
e.g. This was the reason (that) (=why) we raised the out put . This is the first time (that) I came to Guangzhou.
1949 was the year (that) (=when) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
By the time (that) you are dressed ,breakfast will be ready.
The moment (that) he entered the room ,everybody became silent .
3．关系副词when和where有时还可用“介词+关系代词which”替换,介词要根据与先行词的搭配关系而定.
e.g. He will never forget the years in which (=when ) he studied at college.
That is just the farm on which (=where) my father works.
第三节 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
定语从句分限制性和非限制性两种.限制性定语从句与先行词的关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去了就会影响全句的意思,常与主句译成一句话.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,如省略,主句意思不受影响.非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用逗号分开,常与主句分开翻译,相当于一个并列句.
e.g. This is the professor who is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon.
Charles works in a chemical plant, where he holds an important position.
We can talk in English now, which makes us very happy.
The man , from whom I learned the news , is an engineer.
特别提醒
1. 关系代词指物时,在下面几种情况中只能用that,不能用which:
1) 先行词为 all , everything, nothing , something ,anything, little等不定代词时.
e.g. Is there anything here that I can do for you ? All that can be done has been done.
2) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时. e.g. This is the most exciting trip that I have ever experienced.
3) 当先行词被序数词修饰时. e.g. This is the first car that arrived this morning .
4) 当先行词被 the only, the very, the right 等词修饰时.
e.g. the picture is the only thing that his father can be proud of .
5) 当先行词既指人又指物时.
e.g. They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
2．下面几种情况不能用that:
1) 当介词放在关系代词之前时.
e.g. The room in which she lives is a large one. Who’s the man with whom you just shook hands?
2) 在非限制性定语从句中.
e.g. He showed me his new watch, which his father has bought him recently.
Professor Smith, who invented the machine, is ing to visit out city.
3) 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时. e.g. I said nothing ,which made him still more angry.
3. that引导定语从句与引导同位语从句的区别：
that引导的定语从句与引导的同位语从句都是在名词之后,很容易混淆,但二者是完全不同的,主要表现在：
引导定语从句时,that是关系代词,在定语从句中担任主语或宾语等成分；而引导同位语从句时,that是连接代词, that只起引导词作用,在从句中不担任任何成分.
e.g. We must face the fact that we are living in a changing world.
He collected the facts that could prove heavy objects and light objects fall at he same speed.
He told the news that the new shop would be open on and after next Sunday.
He told us the news that he got form his clas *** ate this morning.,5,楼上的是定语从句的语法概念吧
可以参考SEFC1(A)的前几个单元,自己弄书看看,我这里就 不打了,2,