引导定语从句的关系副词有哪些?

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引导定语从句的关系副词有三个:when,where,why,都在定语从句中担任状语(注意不能担任主语和宾语,这常常是解题关键)

一、关系副词when的用法

when 既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是时间名词,在从句中充当时间状语,相当于“介词+which”。如:

Can you tell me the time when the film will start?—Can you tell me the time at which the film will start? 请告诉我电影什么时候开始好吗?(限制性定语从句) 

I will never forget the day, when I joined the Party. —I will never forget the day, on which I joined the Party. 我入党的那一天,我永远不会忘记。(非限制性定语从句) 

二、关系副词where的用法

where既可引导限制性定语从句,又可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是地点名词,在从句中充当地点状语,相当于:“介词+which”。如:

This is the school where I studied a few years ago. —This is the school in which I studied a few years ago. 这就是我几年前所在读书的学校

Let’s go to the concert, where you will find much fun. —Let’s go to the concert, in which you will find much fun. 我们去音乐演唱会吧,在那里你会找到很大的乐趣。

三、关系副词why的用法

why只能引导限制性定语从句,先行词只有reason一词,在从句中充当原因状语,相当于:“for + which”。如:

Do you know the reason why he is not here now?—Do you know the reason for which he is not here now? 你知道他还没有来这儿的原因吗?

四、关系副词that的用法

that只能引导限制性定语从句,充当关系副词时,其作用相当于:“介词+关系代词”,在从句中充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语等。如:

1. 在定语从句中作时间状语。现行词有:each time, every time, anytime, the first time, the moment, the minute, the hour, etc. 但现代英语中,that往往省略。如:

Each time (that) I meet him, he will smile and say “hello”. 每次我会见他时,他都会笑着说“喂,你好!”

2. 在定语从句中作方式状语, 现行词是way, 如:

Can you show me the way (that) you solve the problem like this? 请告诉我你解决这类问题的方法好吗?

3. 在定语从句中作原因状语,现行词只有reason一词,如:

I don’t know the reason (that) he has left school now. 我不知道他辍学的原因。

4. 在定语从句中做其他状语,现行词如price, speed等,如:

I think the price (that) she sells her apple is too high. (that = at which) 我认为她卖苹果的价格太高

关系代词:在句中作主语、宾语或定语 

有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,   

1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略.[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]   

2. 如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置   

3. 代表物时多用which,但在下列情况中用that而不用which:   

a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时;   

b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时,这时的that常被省略;   

c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时;   

d)先行词中既有人又有物时;   

e)整个句中前面已有which,who,that时;   

f)当先行词为物并作表语时;   

g)先行词为one时;   

h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时;   

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语   

5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.

区分关系副词和关系代词基本方法如下:

先把主句和定语从句分开,再找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词(即先行词),然后放入定语从句中,看看这两者的搭配情况.

1)如果定语从句和该先行词可以直接相连,且在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语的话,则用关系代词.

因为关系代词也属于代词,而代词功能同名词,在句子中一般充当语/宾语/表语.

如:This is the city (which/that) you visited last year.

定语从句所修饰的先行词是the city,放入定语从句you visited last year中,则它直接充当visited的宾语,变成:you visited the city last year.

2)如果定语从句和该先行词无法直接相连,必须另外多加上介词,并在定语从句中充当状语时,则使用关系副词.

如:This is the city where you stayed last year.

定语从句所修饰的先行词也是the city,将其放入定语从句中不能直接作成分,必须加上介词in,一起做从句的地点状语,即定语从句变为:you stayed in the city last year.

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