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Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionson Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete thesentence with the information given in the passage.
Why IntegrityMatters
What Is Integrity?
The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standardsfor oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also livingup to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by andfollows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be cloudedby stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.
What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? Wefeel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationshipswith others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personalor professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integritymust be one of our most important goals.
Risky Business
We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, makingprocess has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of characteris whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we didand then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.
Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. Wemust learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, wecan't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules andbe aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism(剽窃) may accidentallyuse words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep carefulresearch notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. Butthe fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse themisconduct, Ignorance is not a defense.
"But EverybodyDoes It"
Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to foolthemselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone elsedoes it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade."Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's exam, even thoughI'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I’mjust checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actionsand avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anythingwrong, we can't see the real choice we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.
To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask howyou would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yourshoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're takinga risk and rationalizing it to yourself.
EvaluatingRisks
To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences,in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to othersas well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus onimmolate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequencesof getting caught are serious and may include a "O" on a test or assignment,an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact,when you break a role or law, you lose control over your life and give others thepower to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable(脆弱的) position.There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justifysuch a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.
Getting Awaywith it - Or Not
Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learnfrom the test, which deprives (剥夺) him her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence:the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed.Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guiltyand afraid of getting caught.
Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheatsagain, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier."This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually,the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.
Cheating HurtsOther, Too
Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count"and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative(累积的) effect. Cheatingcan spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30％or more of college students cheat. Ifa class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is nocurve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressuredto join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with those who do") Cheatingalso has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of goof teaching is seeingstudents learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not interested in what you're tryingto teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others."The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally,cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hardfor their degree.
Why IntegrityMarten
If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on thehonesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buyfood, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane,go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harmthat is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty canhave. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and,of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrityof political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take atremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example,but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce thenational debt and pay for education.
In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society.Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to buildthe kind of world in which we want to live.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A personof integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makesthem known to others
C) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them
2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitatescommunication
C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect
3. why mustwe learn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.
C. So that we don’t break any rules. D. So that we don’t run into trouble.
4. Violationof a rule is misconduct even if _______?
A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed tobe unintentional.
C. it has gone unnoticed. D. it is committed with good intentions.
5. What shouldone do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoid making excuses. B. Listen to otherpeople’s advice.
C. Make his intensions public. D. Have others watch over his shoulder.
6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.
A. will often become more cautious B. are usuallyvery aggressive
C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end
7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay more dearly B) become more confident
C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky
8. Cheatersat exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to __________.
9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on ___________.
10. Many Americanslost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of __________.
1. A person ofintegrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks tothem in their daily life
B) makes themknown to others
C) understandstheir true values
D)sees thatothers also follow them
【答案】A) sticks to them in their daily life
【解析】第一题的答案就在全文第一句.关键词是not only…. But also…. ，关键句是The key to integrity is consistency--not onlysetting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respectfor others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. 这里的live up to 和选项里的 stick to 属于同义替换.
2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps tocreate team spirit
B) Itfacilitates communication
C) It is thebasis of mutual trust
D) It inspiresmutual respect
【答案】C) It is the basis of mutual trust
【解析】关键词是personal and professional，关键句是Trust is essential in any important relationship,whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest orunfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.
结合紧接着的问句，我们很容易锁定trust这个选项.
3. why must welearn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensurewe make responsible choices.
B. To avoidbeing overwhelmed by stress.
C. so that wedon’t break any rules.
D. so that wedon’t run into trouble.
【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
【解析】关键词是identify the risks，关键句是Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we'retaking, we can't make responsible choices. 所以答案很明显是A.
4. Violationof a rule is misconduct even if _______?
A. it hascaused no harm.
B. it isclaimed to be unintentional.
C. it has goneunnoticed.
D. it iscommitted with good intentions.
【答案】B. it is claimed to be unintentional.
【解析】关键词是misconduct，关键句是But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does notexcuse the misconduct. 和原文意义高度一致的，就是这个unintentional.因此答案是：B. it isclaimed to be unintentional.
5. What shouldone do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoidmaking excuses.
B. Listen toother people’s advice.
C. Make hisintensions public.
D. Have otherswatch over his shoulder.
【答案】A. Avoid making excuses.
【解析】关键词是fool oneself，关键句是To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test这里的watch out for 和选项里的avoid属于同义替换.所以答案是A.
6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.
A. will oftenbecome more cautious
B. are usuallyvery aggressive
C. valueimmediate benefits most.
D. may loseeverything in the end
【答案】C. value immediate benefits most.
【解析】关键词是regret later，关键句是Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediatebenefits ("what's in it for me").很明显，选项 value immediate benefits most 是正确答案.这里的value 和 focus on 属于同义替换.
7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay moredearly
B) become moreconfident
C) be widelyadmired
D) feelsomewhat lucky
【答案】A) pay more dearly
【解析】关键词是get caught，关键句是Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. 这里的higher price 和选项里的more dearly 属于同义替换.所以答案是A.
8. Cheaters atexam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to steal agrade.
【答案】steal a grade
【解析】关键词：care about
关键句：I'm not interested in what you're trying toteach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect onothers."
9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.
【答案】honesty and good faith
【解析】关键词是rely on，关键句是We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.
10. ManyAmericans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result ofthe Watergate scandal.
【答案】the Watergate scandal
【解析】关键词是political and economic leaders，关键句是Watergate, have undermined the faith of manyAmericans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as awhole.
Directions: In this part,you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionson Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete thesentence with the information given in the passage.
Why IntegrityMatters
What Is Integrity?
The key to integrity is consistency- not only setting high personal standardsfor oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also livingup to those standards each and every day. One who has integrity is bound by andfollows moral and ethical (道德上的) standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be cloudedby stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.
What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? Wefeel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse (缺失) of integrity also affects our relationshipswith others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personalor professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus integritymust be one of our most important goals.
Risky Business
We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision, makingprocess has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of characteris whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we didand then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.
Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. Wemust learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, wecan't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules andbe aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules a about plagiarism(剽窃) may accidentallyuse words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep carefulresearch notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. Butthe fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse themisconduct, Ignorance is not a defense.
"But EverybodyDoes It"
Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts but manage to foolthemselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone elsedoes it." "I'm not hurting anyone", or "I really need this grade."Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm look at another's exam, even thoughI'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I’mjust checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actionsand avoid excuses, if we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anythingwrong, we can't see the real choice we're making - and that leads to bad decisions.
To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask howyou would feel if your actions were public and anyone could be watching over yourshoulder. If you'd rather hide your actions, that's an indication that you're takinga risk and rationalizing it to yourself.
EvaluatingRisks
To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences,in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to othersas well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus onimmolate benefits and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequencesof getting caught are serious and may include a "O" on a test or assignment,an "F" in the class, suspension (暂令停学) or dismissal from school and a ruined reputation. In fact,when you break a role or law, you lose control over your life and give others thepower to impose punishment that you have no control over. This is an extremely vulnerable(脆弱的) position.There may be some matters of life and death or highest principle, which might justifysuch a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.
Getting Awaywith it - Or Not
Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learnfrom the test, which deprives (剥夺) him her of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence:the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed.Cheating destroys self-respect and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guiltyand afraid of getting caught.
Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheatsagain, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier."This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually,the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences.
Cheating HurtsOther, Too
Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count"and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have an intense cumulative(累积的) effect. Cheatingcan spread like a disease. Recent statistics suggest 30％or more of college students cheat. Ifa class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is nocurve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressuredto join in. ("If I don't cheat I can't compete with those who do") Cheatingalso has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of goof teaching is seeingstudents learn. But a cheater says. "I'm not interested in what you're tryingto teach, all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others."The end result is a destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally,cheating can hurt the reputation of the university and harm those who worked hardfor their degree.
Why IntegrityMarten
If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on thehonesty and good faith of others, if not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buyfood, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane,go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harmthat is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty canhave. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and,of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrityof political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take atremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example,but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce thenational debt and pay for education.
In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society.Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to buildthe kind of world in which we want to live.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. A personof integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makesthem known to others
C) understands their true values D) sees that others also follow them
2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitatescommunication
C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect
3. why mustwe learn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B.To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.
C. So that we don’t break any rules. D. So that we don’t run into trouble.
4. Violationof a rule is misconduct even if _______?
A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed tobe unintentional.
C. it has gone unnoticed. D. it is committed with good intentions.
5. What shouldone do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoid making excuses. B. Listen to otherpeople’s advice.
C. Make his intensions public. D. Have others watch over his shoulder.
6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.
A. will often become more cautious B. are usuallyvery aggressive
C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end
7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay more dearly B) become more confident
C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky
8. Cheatersat exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to __________.
9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on ___________.
10. Many Americanslost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of __________.
1. A person ofintegrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______.
A) sticks tothem in their daily life
B) makes themknown to others
C) understandstheir true values
D)sees thatothers also follow them
【答案】A) sticks to them in their daily life
【解析】第一题的答案就在全文第一句.关键词是not only…. But also…. ，关键句是The key to integrity is consistency--not onlysetting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respectfor others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. 这里的live up to 和选项里的 stick to 属于同义替换.
2. What roledoes integrity play in personal and professional relationships?
A) It helps tocreate team spirit
B) Itfacilitates communication
C) It is thebasis of mutual trust
D) It inspiresmutual respect
【答案】C) It is the basis of mutual trust
【解析】关键词是personal and professional，关键句是Trust is essential in any important relationship,whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest orunfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.
结合紧接着的问句，我们很容易锁定trust这个选项.
3. why must welearn to identify the risks we are going to take？
A. To ensurewe make responsible choices.
B. To avoidbeing overwhelmed by stress.
C. so that wedon’t break any rules.
D. so that wedon’t run into trouble.
【答案】A. To ensure we make responsible choices.
【解析】关键词是identify the risks，关键句是Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems.We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we'retaking, we can't make responsible choices. 所以答案很明显是A.
4. Violationof a rule is misconduct even if _______?
A. it hascaused no harm.
B. it isclaimed to be unintentional.
C. it has goneunnoticed.
D. it iscommitted with good intentions.
【答案】B. it is claimed to be unintentional.
【解析】关键词是misconduct，关键句是But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does notexcuse the misconduct. 和原文意义高度一致的，就是这个unintentional.因此答案是：B. it isclaimed to be unintentional.
5. What shouldone do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself?
A. Avoidmaking excuses.
B. Listen toother people’s advice.
C. Make hisintensions public.
D. Have otherswatch over his shoulder.
【答案】A. Avoid making excuses.
【解析】关键词是fool oneself，关键句是To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test这里的watch out for 和选项里的avoid属于同义替换.所以答案是A.
6. Those whotake risks they regret later on _______.
A. will oftenbecome more cautious
B. are usuallyvery aggressive
C. valueimmediate benefits most.
D. may loseeverything in the end
【答案】C. value immediate benefits most.
【解析】关键词是regret later，关键句是Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediatebenefits ("what's in it for me").很明显，选项 value immediate benefits most 是正确答案.这里的value 和 focus on 属于同义替换.
7. Accordingto the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______.
A) pay moredearly
B) become moreconfident
C) be widelyadmired
D) feelsomewhat lucky
【答案】A) pay more dearly
【解析】关键词是get caught，关键句是Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. 这里的higher price 和选项里的more dearly 属于同义替换.所以答案是A.
8. Cheaters atexam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to steal agrade.
【答案】steal a grade
【解析】关键词：care about
关键句：I'm not interested in what you're trying toteach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect onothers."
9. Integritymatters in that all social activities rely on people’s honesty and good faith.
【答案】honesty and good faith
【解析】关键词是rely on，关键句是We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day.
10. ManyAmericans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result ofthe Watergate scandal.
【答案】the Watergate scandal
【解析】关键词是political and economic leaders，关键句是Watergate, have undermined the faith of manyAmericans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as awhole.
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