五年级下册数学简便计算题及答案含解析
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一、口算下面各题。(23分)
10-2.65= 0.9×0.08= 528-349= 6+14.4= 24÷0.04=
12.34-2.3= 0÷3.8= 0.77+0.33= 7÷1.4= 67.5+0.25=7.2÷8×4= 5-1.4-1.6= 400÷125÷8= 1.9×4×0.5=
80×0.125= 3× = 6 6= 2 -( + )= 10 2=
3.2×7÷3.2×7= ( - )×12= 187.7×11-187.7= 1- 62.5%=
二、写出下列每题在简便运算时所运用的定律或性质(12分)
4 +3.2+5 +6.8 25×(8×0.4)×1.25 7 -(2 - )
( ) ( ) ( )
( + + )×72 93.5÷3 16÷2.5
( ) ( ) ( )
三、用简便方法计算。(65分)
1125-997 998+1246+9989 (8700+870+87)÷87
125×8.8 1.3+4.25+3.7+3.75 17.15-(3.5-2.85)
3.4×99+3.4 4.8×1.01 0.4×(2.5÷73)
(1.6+1.6+1.6+1.6)×25 ( + - )÷
12.3-2.45-5.7-4.55 2 + 0.125×0.25×64
64.2×87+0.642×1300 78×36+7.8×741-7 17+ 8
0.125× +0.5 2.42 +4.58 -43
25÷100 4.25-3 -(2 -1 )
(1)1.25*17.6+36.1/0.8+2.36*12.5
1.25*17.6+36.1/0.8+2.36*12.5
=(5/4)*17.6+36.1*(5/4)+23.6*(50/4)
=176/8+361/8+236/8
=773/8=96.625
(2)7.5*2.3+1.9*2.5
7.5*2.3+1.9*2.5
=7.5*(1.9+0.4)+1.9*2.5
=(7.5+2.5)*1.9+7.5*0.4
=19+3 =22
(3)2004/2003*2005
2004/2003*2005
=(2004/2003)*(2003+2)
=2004+4008/2003
(4)276*543-267/276+543*275
276*543-267/276+543*275
=543*(276+275)-267/276
=543*551-267/276
1)五十二又二十五分之十一×79.45+159×47.56+七十九又二十分之十一×52.44
=52.44×79.45+159×47.56+79.55×52.44
=52.44×(79.45+79.55)+159×47.56
=52.44×159+159×47.56
=159×(52.44+47.56)
=159×100
=15900
3)2002+2001-2000-1999+1998+1997-1996-1995+……+2+1
=(2002-2000)+(2001-1999)+(1998-1996)+(1997-1995)+……+(6-4)+(5-3)+2+1
=2+2+2+2+……+2+2(从3-2002共2000个数,所以有1000个2)+2+1
=1000×2+2+1
=2003
4,5两题均用到一个转换式1/(A×B)=1/(B-A)×(1/A-1/B)
如1/15=1/(3×5)=1/(5-3)×(1/3-1/5)=1/2×(2/15)=1/15可验证一下
4)(1×2分之一)+(2×3分之一)+(3×4分之一)+……+(10×11分之一)
=1/(1×2)+1/(2×3)+1/(3×4)+……+1/(10×11)
=(1-1/2)+(1/2 - 1/3)+(1/3 - 1/4)+……+(1/10 - 1/11)
=1-1/11
=10/11
5)三分之一+十五分之一+三十五分之一+六十三分之一+九十九分之一
=1/(1×3)+1/(3×5)+1/(5×7)+1/(7×9)+1/(9×11)
=1/2×(1-1/3)+1/2×(1/3-1/5)+1/2×(1/5-1/7)+1/2×(1/7-1/9)+1/2×(1/9-1/11)
=1/2×(1 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/5 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/7 - 1/9 + 1/9 - 1/11)
=1/2×(1-1/11)
=1/2×10/11
=5/11
6)一又二分之一-六分之五+十二分之七-二十分之九+三十分之十一-四十二分之十三+五十六分之十五
(根据提示,1又1/2=1+1/2,+1/2+1/3=5/6……)
=(1+1/2)-(1/2+1/3)+(1/3+1/4)-(1/4+1/5)+(1/5+1/6)-(1/6+1/7)+(1/7+1/8)
=1+ 1/2 - 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/4 - 1/4 - 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/6 - 1/6 - 1/7 + 1/7 + 1/8
=1+1/8
=9/8
仔细看一下,不会很难,都可以简便算的。你自己看一下,有些题目化成分数会好算些,我不是5年级的,不知道你们学的和我们是否一样,只能找一些,抱歉,请原谅。
一、口算下面各题。(23分)
10-2.65= 0.9×0.08= 528-349= 6+14.4= 24÷0.04=
12.34-2.3= 0÷3.8= 0.77+0.33= 7÷1.4= 67.5+0.25=7.2÷8×4= 5-1.4-1.6= 400÷125÷8= 1.9×4×0.5=
80×0.125= 3× = 6 6= 2 -( + )= 10 2=
3.2×7÷3.2×7= ( - )×12= 187.7×11-187.7= 1- 62.5%=
二、写出下列每题在简便运算时所运用的定律或性质(12分)
4 +3.2+5 +6.8 25×(8×0.4)×1.25 7 -(2 - )
( ) ( ) ( )
( + + )×72 93.5÷3 16÷2.5
( ) ( ) ( )
三、用简便方法计算。(65分)
1125-997 998+1246+9989 (8700+870+87)÷87
125×8.8 1.3+4.25+3.7+3.75 17.15-(3.5-2.85)
3.4×99+3.4 4.8×1.01 0.4×(2.5÷73)
(1.6+1.6+1.6+1.6)×25 ( + - )÷
12.3-2.45-5.7-4.55 2 + 0.125×0.25×64
64.2×87+0.642×1300 78×36+7.8×741-7 17+ 8
0.125× +0.5 2.42 +4.58 -43
25÷100 4.25-3 -(2 -1 )
(1)1.25*17.6+36.1/0.8+2.36*12.5
1.25*17.6+36.1/0.8+2.36*12.5
=(5/4)*17.6+36.1*(5/4)+23.6*(50/4)
=176/8+361/8+236/8
=773/8=96.625
(2)7.5*2.3+1.9*2.5
7.5*2.3+1.9*2.5
=7.5*(1.9+0.4)+1.9*2.5
=(7.5+2.5)*1.9+7.5*0.4
=19+3 =22
(3)2004/2003*2005
2004/2003*2005
=(2004/2003)*(2003+2)
=2004+4008/2003
(4)276*543-267/276+543*275
276*543-267/276+543*275
=543*(276+275)-267/276
=543*551-267/276
1)五十二又二十五分之十一×79.45+159×47.56+七十九又二十分之十一×52.44
=52.44×79.45+159×47.56+79.55×52.44
=52.44×(79.45+79.55)+159×47.56
=52.44×159+159×47.56
=159×(52.44+47.56)
=159×100
=15900
3)2002+2001-2000-1999+1998+1997-1996-1995+……+2+1
=(2002-2000)+(2001-1999)+(1998-1996)+(1997-1995)+……+(6-4)+(5-3)+2+1
=2+2+2+2+……+2+2(从3-2002共2000个数,所以有1000个2)+2+1
=1000×2+2+1
=2003
4,5两题均用到一个转换式1/(A×B)=1/(B-A)×(1/A-1/B)
如1/15=1/(3×5)=1/(5-3)×(1/3-1/5)=1/2×(2/15)=1/15可验证一下
4)(1×2分之一)+(2×3分之一)+(3×4分之一)+……+(10×11分之一)
=1/(1×2)+1/(2×3)+1/(3×4)+……+1/(10×11)
=(1-1/2)+(1/2 - 1/3)+(1/3 - 1/4)+……+(1/10 - 1/11)
=1-1/11
=10/11
5)三分之一+十五分之一+三十五分之一+六十三分之一+九十九分之一
=1/(1×3)+1/(3×5)+1/(5×7)+1/(7×9)+1/(9×11)
=1/2×(1-1/3)+1/2×(1/3-1/5)+1/2×(1/5-1/7)+1/2×(1/7-1/9)+1/2×(1/9-1/11)
=1/2×(1 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/5 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/7 - 1/9 + 1/9 - 1/11)
=1/2×(1-1/11)
=1/2×10/11
=5/11
6)一又二分之一-六分之五+十二分之七-二十分之九+三十分之十一-四十二分之十三+五十六分之十五
(根据提示,1又1/2=1+1/2,+1/2+1/3=5/6……)
=(1+1/2)-(1/2+1/3)+(1/3+1/4)-(1/4+1/5)+(1/5+1/6)-(1/6+1/7)+(1/7+1/8)
=1+ 1/2 - 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/4 - 1/4 - 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/6 - 1/6 - 1/7 + 1/7 + 1/8
=1+1/8
=9/8
仔细看一下,不会很难,都可以简便算的。你自己看一下,有些题目化成分数会好算些,我不是5年级的,不知道你们学的和我们是否一样,只能找一些,抱歉,请原谅。
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