Question

为什么这样表达？after having been instructed to drive out of town ， i began to acquire confidence

1、如果改成这样也是对的吧after i had been instructed to drive out of town.这是一般的过去时被动语态，同样都是被动，课文为什么要用having been done？
2、请老师给讲讲什么时候用having been done？刚接触这个用法，很懵

Answer 1

很好的问题。having been instructed在英语中称为非谓语形桐携式，就逗者是说它是作谓语之外的其局指伏它成分用的，而had been instructed则是作谓语，构成过去完成时。

追问

谢谢老师，那么从实际应用出发，什么情况下用having been done呢？或者说这两句有什么区别呢？

Answer 2

1. After I had been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

   等于 After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.

2. 再岁行举个例培雀梁配运子：

After he had been taught how to count numbers, the boy smiled a lot.

等于 After having been taught how to count numbers, the boy smiled a lot.

追问

谢谢老师，那么从实际应用出发，什么情况下用having been done呢？或者说这两句有什么区别呢？

追答

After somebody had been done 和 After having been done两者没区别，前者在After后面带有主语和谓语，后者在After后面用非谓语形式表述。