Question

请帮忙翻译一下这篇英语文章,急需!~谢谢

England rock music
The Beatles established a long-running British tradition of tuneful, guitar-driven pop bands, a tradition that was refreshed and updated every so often by new musical movements. Britpop, however, refers to the legion of '90s bands who drew more consciously from that tradition than ever before. Although the movement originated in the U.K. indie scene, Britpop was unabashedly commercial - its bands prized big, shiny, catchy hooks, as well as the glamour of mainstream pop stardom and the sense that they were creating the soundtrack to the lives of a new generation of British youth. And it was very definitely British youth they were aiming at; Britpop celebrated and commented on their lives, their culture, and their musical heritage, with little regard for whether that specificity would make them less accessible to American audiences. Britpop's youthful exuberance and desire for recognition were reactions not only against the shy, anti-star personas of the early-'90s shoegazer bands, but also the dourness of American grunge and the faceless producers behind the growing electronic-dance underground. Musically, Britpop drew from the Beatles, of course, but also from the pastoral sound of late-'60s Kinks, the mod movement (the Who, the Small Faces), '70s glam (David Bowie, T. Rex, Roxy Music), punk and new wave (the Jam, the Buzzcocks, Wire, Madness, XTC, Squeeze, Elvis Costello), and the alternative guitar-pop of the Smiths. All those artists were quintessentially British — they crafted their images, lyrics, and sounds from a distinctly British frame of reference, which was why few of them became anything more than cult artists in the U.S. (and why Britpop functioned much the same way). Apart from those influences, Britpop had its most immediate roots in the Madchester scene, whose emphasis on good times and catchy tunes pointed the way around the shoegazer aesthetic. The Stone Roses' effortless pop hooks and rock-star attitude were the most important part of the foundation, but the true founding fathers of Britpop were Suede. Released in 1993, their self-titled debut became an unexpected smash with its fusion of glam-rock majesty and Smiths introspection. Suede opened the doors for even bigger breakthroughs in 1994 by Blur (Parklife) and Oasis (Definitely Maybe), who quickly became Britpop's two most popular superstars. With their success came a giddy explosion of similarly inspired bands; Elastica, Pulp, Supergrass, and the Boo Radleys were among the biggest. In 1996, Oasis became the only Britpop band to become genuine mainstream stars in the U.S. 1997 brought the first signals that the Britpop boom was beginning to run out of steam, namely Oasis' poorly reviewed third album and Blur's move toward American indie rock. Yet even after the movement's star began to fade, several individual bands kept going strong, and the less youth-oriented British trad rock movement kept its classicism alive.

Answer 1

英格兰摇滚音乐
披头四建立了长期运行的英国的传统， tuneful ，吉他主导的流行乐队，一个传统，这是重新整理和更新一次，以便常常是由新音乐运动。英伦，不过，是指以军团的九十年代阶谁提请，更加自觉地从这一传统比以往任何时候都。虽然运动起源于英国的Indie现场，英伦是unabashedly商业-其带珍贵的大，有光泽，引人注目钩，以及作为魅力的主流流行明星和责任感，他们创造的音乐，生活的一个新的一代英国青年。这是非常肯定英国青年，他们瞄准;英伦庆祝和评论对他们的生活，他们的文化，和他们的音乐遗产，很少考虑到是否会特异性，使他们较不易取得，以美国观众。英伦的青春和繁荣的愿望，承认人的反应，不仅是对害羞，反明星personas的早期九十年代shoegazer乐队，而且还dourness美国的垃圾和不露面的生产者背后的日益增长的电子舞蹈地下。音乐，英伦提请，由披头四，当然，而且还来自牧区的声音后期，六十年代的缺陷，按付款当日价格计算运动（谁，小脸上） ，七十年代格南（大卫鲍伊，暴龙， Roxy Music乐队） ，朋克和新波（果酱， buzzcocks ，铁丝网，疯狂， xtc ，挤压，艾维斯卡斯提洛） ，以及替代吉他流行的史密斯。所有这些艺术家都是典型的英国-他们自己制作的图片，歌词，和声音，从一个鲜明的英国的参照系，这就是为什么几个人成为什么以上邪教艺术家在美国（以及为什么英伦运作很多相同的方式） 。除了这些影响，英伦有其最直接的根源，在madchester现场，其重点是好的时候，和曲调，引人注目的方式指出，围绕shoegazer美学。石玫瑰'费力弹出钩和岩石明星的态度是最重要的基础的一部分，但真正的开国元勋英伦被人造麂皮。发表在1993年，他们的自我题为首次成为一个意想不到的粉碎其融合格南岩陛下和史密斯的反思。人造麂皮开放的大门，甚至更大的突破，于1994年由模糊（ parklife ）和绿洲（绝对可能） ，谁迅速成为英伦的两个最受欢迎的超级巨星。与他们的成功来一giddy爆炸同样的灵感带; elastica ，纸浆， supergrass ，以及建筑物条例执行处radleys其中最大的。在1996年，绿洲成为唯一的英伦乐队成为真正的主流颗星，在美国1997年所带来的第一信号，该英伦热潮已开始失控蒸汽，即绿洲'不善审查第三张专辑和模糊的走向，美国独立摇滚。然而，即使在运动的明星开始褪色，一些个别阶保持强劲，以及较低的面向青年的英国传统摇滚运动保持其古典活着。