Question

英语被动语态常见的类型

Answer 1

1.
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。例如：
1）一般现在时：You
are
required
to
do
this.
2）一般过去时：The
story
was
told
by
her.
3）一般将来时：The
problem
will
be
discussed
tomorrow.
4）现在进行时：The
question
is
being
discussed
in
the
meeting
room.
5）过去进行时：The
new
road
was
being
made.
6）现在完成时：The
novel
has
been
read.
7）过去完成时：He
said
that
the
work
had
been
finished.
8)
过去将来时：He
said
that
the
trees
would
be
planted
soon.
2.
一些特殊的被动结构
1）带情态动词的被动结构：
The
problem
must
be
solved
soon.
2）带不定式的被动结构：
The
homework
needs
to
be
done
with
care.
3）短语动词的被动结构：
例1）The
baby
is
looked
after
carefully.
用于这类被动结构的短语动词要把它们作为整体看待。这类结构有以下几种：
①（不及物）动词+介词：agree
to,
ask
for,
call
for,
laugh
at,
listen
to,
look
after,
operate
on,
send
for,
talk
about,
think
of等。
②（及物）动词+副词：bring
about,
carry
out,
find
out,
give
up,
hand
in,
make
out,
pass
on,
point
out,
put
away,
put
off,
take
up,
think
over,
turn
down,
turn
out,
wipe
out,
work
out等。
③动词+副词+介词：do
away
with,
face
up
to,
give
in
to,
look
down
upon,
make
up
for,
put
up
with等。
例
2)
Attention
must
be
paid
to
your
pronunciation.
用于这类被动结构的短语动词最多见的是“动词+名词+介词”这一结构。如：catch
sight
of,
keep
an
eye
on,
make
use
of,
make
a
fool
of,
pay
attention
to,
put
an
end
to,
set
fire
/light
to,
take
care
of,
take
hold
of,
take
notice
of等。
例
2与例1的不同点在于，它们用于被动时态能有两种形式。第一种形式是把“动词+名词+介词”作为整体看待。第二种形式是把其中的“动词+名词”作为“动词+宾语”的结构处理。
4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改成主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。例如：
We
always
keep
the
classroom
clean.
(比较：The
classroom
is
always
kept
clean.)

Answer 2

b
d
d
d
c
都需要用到被动语态，每一句的主语都是“被xxx”，所以要用be+过去分词，表被动