同位语从句和定语从句有什么区别
3个回答
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同位语从句和定语从句一样通常都放在由名词充当的先行词后面, 且其先行词和关联词特点与定语从句先行词及关联词特点十分相似,极易混淆,不过两者的区别还是十分明显的。
1. 从句性质不同
同位语从句属于名词性从句,是用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词;而定语从句是用来说明先行词的性质或特征,起修饰或限制的作用,与先行词的关系是修饰与被修饰的关系,从句相当于形容词。
例1:The plan that you will go there next week has to be changed.你准备下周去那里的计划得改变.
析:认真分析语境含义及句子结构可知,从句为The plan的具体内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
例2:The news that he told me was false.他告诉我的消息是假的。
析:认真分析语境含义和句子结构可知,从句是用来修饰The news的, 因此该句为定语从句。
2.关联词作用不同
定语从句的关联词在从句中作主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,而同位语从句的关联词在从句中不担任成分。
例1:The plan that I”ll stay there for a week can”t come true.我要在那儿呆一周的计划不能实现。
析:分析句子成分可知,that在从句中不作任何成分,因此该句为同位语从句。
例2:The plan that he raised was reasonable.他提出的计划合理。
析:that在从句中作宾语,因此该句为定语从句。
3.同位语从句先行词不同
同位语从句的先行词就是被同位语从句修饰的名词,因为它和同位语从句在内容上相同,因此常为一些体现一定内容的名词,如:hope, plan, fact, news, problem, truth, idea, information等,此时同位语从句具体介绍这些名词的内容。同位语从句的先行词虽然体现同位语从句的内容,但在同位语从句中并不充当成分。
1. 从句性质不同
同位语从句属于名词性从句,是用来进一步解释或补充说明前面的名词;而定语从句是用来说明先行词的性质或特征,起修饰或限制的作用,与先行词的关系是修饰与被修饰的关系,从句相当于形容词。
例1:The plan that you will go there next week has to be changed.你准备下周去那里的计划得改变.
析:认真分析语境含义及句子结构可知,从句为The plan的具体内容,因此该句为同位语从句。
例2:The news that he told me was false.他告诉我的消息是假的。
析:认真分析语境含义和句子结构可知,从句是用来修饰The news的, 因此该句为定语从句。
2.关联词作用不同
定语从句的关联词在从句中作主语、宾语、时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,而同位语从句的关联词在从句中不担任成分。
例1:The plan that I”ll stay there for a week can”t come true.我要在那儿呆一周的计划不能实现。
析:分析句子成分可知,that在从句中不作任何成分,因此该句为同位语从句。
例2:The plan that he raised was reasonable.他提出的计划合理。
析:that在从句中作宾语,因此该句为定语从句。
3.同位语从句先行词不同
同位语从句的先行词就是被同位语从句修饰的名词,因为它和同位语从句在内容上相同,因此常为一些体现一定内容的名词,如:hope, plan, fact, news, problem, truth, idea, information等,此时同位语从句具体介绍这些名词的内容。同位语从句的先行词虽然体现同位语从句的内容,但在同位语从句中并不充当成分。
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一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处
e.g.
The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
final
match
is
encouraging.
(同位语从句)
我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The
news
that
you
told
us
is
really
encouraging.(定语从句)
你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导
e.g.
The
suggestion
that
students
should
learn
something
practical
is
worth
considering.
(同位语从句)
学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
The
suggestion
that
is
worth
considering
is
that
the
students
should
learn something
practical.(定语从句)
值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。
e.g.
The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
final
match
is
encouraging.
(从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)
The
news
that
you
told
us
is
really
encouraging.(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)
2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1)
Dad
made
a
promise
that
he
would
buy
me
CD
player
if
I
passed
the
English
test.
(that
不充当任何成分)
2)
Dad
made
a
promise
that
excited
all
his
children.(that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。)
3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,故不能用which替换;而that引导定语从句时是代词,常可以和另一关系代词which替换。
e.g.
The
fact
that
he
is
from
Canada
is
new
to
me.
(that不可换为which)
The
fact
that
surprised
me
is
that
he
is
not
Chinese.(第一个that可换为which,第二个不行,因为它引导的是表语从句。)
4、引导同位语从句关连词,除that外,还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词;而定语从句不可用what,
how,
whether等引导。
e.g.
I
had
no
idea
at
all
what
I
should
do
next.
There
is
no
proof
whether
he
was
killed
by
others.
e.g.
The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
final
match
is
encouraging.
(同位语从句)
我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
The
news
that
you
told
us
is
really
encouraging.(定语从句)
你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
2、两种从句都可以用that引导
e.g.
The
suggestion
that
students
should
learn
something
practical
is
worth
considering.
(同位语从句)
学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
The
suggestion
that
is
worth
considering
is
that
the
students
should
learn something
practical.(定语从句)
值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。
二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。
e.g.
The
news
that
our
team
has
won
the
final
match
is
encouraging.
(从句说明“消息”的内容:我们队取得了决赛胜利。)
The
news
that
you
told
us
is
really
encouraging.(从句对“消息”加以限定:是你告诉我们的,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。)
2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。
e.g.1)
Dad
made
a
promise
that
he
would
buy
me
CD
player
if
I
passed
the
English
test.
(that
不充当任何成分)
2)
Dad
made
a
promise
that
excited
all
his
children.(that指代promise,又在从句中充当主语。)
3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,故不能用which替换;而that引导定语从句时是代词,常可以和另一关系代词which替换。
e.g.
The
fact
that
he
is
from
Canada
is
new
to
me.
(that不可换为which)
The
fact
that
surprised
me
is
that
he
is
not
Chinese.(第一个that可换为which,第二个不行,因为它引导的是表语从句。)
4、引导同位语从句关连词,除that外,还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词;而定语从句不可用what,
how,
whether等引导。
e.g.
I
had
no
idea
at
all
what
I
should
do
next.
There
is
no
proof
whether
he
was
killed
by
others.
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