英语中的句子成分
英语中的句子成分
导语：一说起句子，大家可能都会想到，句子有什么难的，把单词罗列到一起，按照相应的语法规则进行排列和词形变换，能够表达出自己想要说的内容含义，不就是一个句子了嘛。话是这么说，可是关于句子的知识，我们又掌握了多少呢？下面我们就从几个方面，来全方位的进行扫盲，让我们重新认识下在高中阶段，我们所能学到的有关于句子的相关知识。
一、最重要的句子成分。
到目前为止，好多学生在已经学过了9年英语后，还分不清英语中的句子成分。这样会在高中进行句子成分分析时，造成弄不懂成分，从而不能正确理解句子含义以及判断句子成分。或者是在做题时由于句子成分分析不恰当，不能够选择出正确的答案。下面，我们就对在英语中所出现的各种句子成分进行说明
1.主语Subject
Ilike English.I 就是主语。
所谓的主语，就是一句话的中心，主题，或者是动作的发出者，最简单的记忆方法，句子的主语就是位于动词前的那个词。
都有哪些词能充当句子的主语呢？分别为名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、主语从句。（n./ pron./ num./ infinitive/ gerund/ subject clause）
e.g.
N.Leois a good English teacher.
Pron.Heis very handsome and humorous.
Num.Sixis his lucky number.
Infinitive.To teach English wellis his life goal.
Gerund.Teaching students English betteris also his gaol.
Subject CLause.That he loves Englishis known by all of peopel.
2. 谓语 Predicate
I like English. like 就是谓语。
所谓的谓语，就是句子中的动词，一个英语的句子中必须要有一个谓语动词。在英语中动词分为两类，一类为实义动词，我们用do来代替，一类为系动词，用be来代替.同时在系动词这一部分，我们还引入了半系动词的含义，及有些动词既可以做实义动词，也可以当作系动词使用。比如说感官动词（feel, look, taste, smell）等。
IteachEnglish. teach表达具体的含义，就为实义动词。
Iaman English teacher. am 就是系动词。
The flower smells good.
3. 宾语 Object
I like English. English就是宾语。
所谓的宾语，就是在实义动词后的成分，就是这个动作的承受者，表达这个动作的结果。简单点说，所谓的宾语就是在实义动词后面的.那个词。那么都有哪些词可以充当句子的宾语成分呢？分别为名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句（n./ pron./ num./ infinitive/ gerund/ object clause）也就是说，能放在动词前面的，也能放在动词的后面。
e.g.
N. Leo teachesEnglish.
Pron. He is always ready to helpothers.
Num. We don't need so many people. We only needsix.
Infinitive. Rememberto let your child love English.
Gerund. Please stopblaming your children.
Object Clause. Do you understandwhat I mean?
4. 表语 Predicative
I am an English teacher. an English teacher就是表语。
所谓的表语，就是在系动词Be后面的成分。在句子中用来表明主语的状态，身份，性格，特征，类属等。简单点说，表语就是系动词后面的内容。可以由以下几类词来充当表语：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词及介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词、表语从句等。（n./ pron./ num./ adj./ adv./ prep./ infinitive./ gerund/ participle/ predicative clause）
e.g.
N. I am ateacher.
Pron. My wife is someone important in my life.
Num. My lucky number is six.
Adj. You are beautiful.
Adv. Class was over al last.
Prep. They are at work now.
The book is on the desk.
Infinitive. My job is to teach English.
Gerund. My job is teaching English.
Participle. The book is interesting.
I am surprised to see you here.
Predicative Clause. The fact is that you can learn English well.
以上四种句子成分为一个完整的英文句子中必须要有的内容，所以在写完一个句子后，我们要看一下，动词有没有，有几个，正常情况下应该是一句话只有一个动词，我们是按照动词的个数来查句子个数的。（没有连词的情况下）动词前后是不是也有相应的成分。如果有，则句子的书写是正确的，如果没有，看看少了什么，该怎么加进去。
5. 定语 Attributive
This is a red apple. red 就是定语。
所谓的定语，就是用来修饰句子中的名词或代词的，起限定修饰作用的句子成分。定语分为两类，前置定语和后置定语，放在修饰词前面的就是前置，放在后面的就是后置。可以由以下几类词来充当定语：名词、形容词、代词、数词、动名词、分词、不定式、副词、介词、定语从句（n./ adj./ pron./ num./ gerund/ participle/infinitive/ adv./ prep./ attributive clause）等。
e.g.
N. This is my school bag. 名词做定语通常用来表示用途。
Adj. My wife is a beautiful woman. 形容词做定语通常表示状态，属性等。
I have something interesting to tell you. 修饰不定代词时，后置
Pron. Put up your hands and follow my step. 通常为形容词型物主代词来做定语。
Num. She cut the cake into two pieces.
Gerund. I need a walking stick. 动名词做定语表示用途。
Participle. You should adapt to the changing situation.
The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 单个的分词做定语前置。
I like the meal cooked by my mum.
There is a man asking to see you. 分词短语作定语后置。
Infinitive. Let's try another way to do this.
Adv. The buildings around were badly damaged.
Prep. The books on the desk are bought for my son.
Attributive Clause. He lost the pen that he bought last week.
6. 状语。Adverbial
I like English very much. very much就是句子中的状语。
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子的一种成分。在英语中有十种状语，分别为时间，地点，方式，比较，原因，目的，结果，条件，让步，程度。充当状语的有：名词、副词、形容词、介词及短语、不定式、分词及状语从句等（n./ adv./ adj./ prep./ infinitive/ participle/ adverbial clause）。
e.g.
N. I went to Shanghai last month.
Adv. He rans very fast.
Put you coat here.
Adj. I went home late, tired and hungry.
Prep. Don't step on the grass.
Infinitive. To study English well, you should do much exercises.
Participle. Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge water covered globe.
The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book in his arms.
Adverbial Clases. If you want to study English well, you should do much exercises.
7. 补语 Complement
I found English usuful. usuful 就是补语。
所谓的补语，就是用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明宾语的叫做宾语补足语，补充说明主语的叫主语补足语。补语什么时候会出现，跟动词的选择有关。以下几类词可以做补语：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式和分词（n./ adj./ adv./ prep./ infinitive/ participle）等。
N. We all call him Leo.
Adj. We all find English usuful.
Adv. Will you please invite all of them in?
Prep. These things should be kept in the box.
Infinitive. The mother didn't allpwed her daughter to go out alone at night.
Participle. He was once again found wandering along the city street.
When he arrived, he found all the people gone.
8. 同位语 Appositive
He, leo is an English teacher. Leo就是同位语。
所谓的同位语，是对句子中某一成分作进一步的解释说明，与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。常位于被说明的词后。可由
名词、代词、数词及同位语从句（n./pron./num./appositive clause）等来充当。
N. We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an American.
Pron. They each can get a chance to travel by air.
Num. Are you three ready to start out?
Appositive Clause. The fact that Enlish is very important is known by more and more people.
以上四种句子成分虽然说不是在一个句子里必须出现的，但是为了我们的表意清楚，是应该加上一些限定的，所以这四种句子成分的出现会让我们的句子表述更加清晰明确。因此，在写作的过程中，我们应该注意多把这四种句子成分加入到我们的写作中。
9. 插入语
Nobody knows it, I say, nobody. I say就是插入语。
所谓的插入语，就是有一个词或短语甚至可以是一个句子来充当，作为一个补充说明或想法的表达。通常前后都有“，”隔开，或是用括号标记。
插入语不作为句法中的考查成分，但是有时候插入语会干扰我们对于句子成分的分析判断，所以，在涉及有插入语的句子成分时，可以把它删掉，并不影响我们对于整个句子的理解。
10. 呼语
Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell.
You, stand up!
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