新概念英语第二册:第34课课文详解及语法解析
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.Dan Robinson has been worried all week. 丹·鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期。
worried 在这里可以当成是形容词,表示“焦虑的”、“担心的”。worry 也可以作及物动词,表示“使担心/发愁”等:
She appears to be worried by/ about something.
好像有什么事使她发愁。(用于被动语态时,过去分词与形容词意义差不多)
2.the local police,当地警察局。
local 可以表示“地方性的”或“当地的”、“本地的”:
a local newspaper 地方性报纸
local news 本地新闻
local shops邻近的商店
3.Dan wondered why he was wanted by the police…丹奇怪警察为什么找他……
(1) wonder表示“想知道”时后面往往跟疑问词引导的从句:She wondered who that man was/ what had happened. 她想知道那个人是谁/到底发生了什么事。
(2) want用于被动语态时可以表示“想与(某人见面、谈话等)”或“缉拿”、“追捕”:
Please wait a minute. I'm wanted on the phone.
请等一下。有我的电话。
This is the man (who is) wanted by the police.
这就是警察在追捕的那个人。
4.a smiling policeman ,一位面带笑容的警察。
smiling 为现在分词,作定语,其作用相当于形容词。还可以说:
a sleeping dog 一只睡着的狗
a worried face 一张焦虑的脸
5.Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. 那位警察对他说,那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的。
(1)这句话实际上是一个间接引语(cf.第15课语法),其正常语序应为: The policeman told him that five days
ago the bicycle was picked up…语序变化后,the policeman told him成了插入成分,引导从句的that也被省略,引述的部分被分割成两部分。
(2) four hundred miles away修饰 village,相当于从句 which wasfour hundred miles away。
(3) pick up的含义之一为“(偶然地、无意地)获得”、“找到”、“学会”:
I've picked up a bad cold.
我得了重感冒。
I picked up some French while travelling in Paris.
在巴黎游览期间我学了几句法语。
He picked up the book in a small library.
他在一个小图书馆发现了那本书。
6.It is now being sent to his home by train.现在正用火车给他运回家来。
这句话是被动语态用于现在进行时,其结构为“am/is/are+ be-ing+过去分词”(cf.第10课语法):
The clavichord is being repaired by a friend of my
father's.
父亲的一个朋友正在修理这架古钢琴。
语法 Grammar in use
被动语态(3)
在第10课的语法中,我们学习了被动语态的基本形式。一般说来,无论是主动语态还是被动语态,句子的主语往往是说话者认为比较重要或想要强调的。如果 说话人想避免用不明确的词(如 someone, a person等)作主语,就常常使用被动语态。在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,既可以让动词用被动语态而不定式用主动语态,也可以让不定式用被动语态:
Someone told Mary to meet us.
有人通知玛丽来接我们。(主语不明确)