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这里有很完整的主系表结构讲解及它的用法。
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推荐于2018-12-07
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英汉对译指导》一书的前言中写道:“天下万事万物无论怎样纷繁,都可以从中理出个道理来。千差万别的英语句子可以统归为五个基本句型。”五个基本句型又通过变换方式成为千差万别的英语句子,表达丰富的思想内容,而谓语动词是一切不同句子的中心。
五个基本句型是:主谓结构,主系表结构,主谓宾结构,主谓双宾语结构,主谓复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)结构。
五个句型贯穿于整个中学英语课本中。为了帮助同学们学好英语,本文拟对主系表结构作一归纳和分析。供同学们学习时参考。
一 . 何谓主系表结构:所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
1. 主语( Subject ):主语是一句话的中心,表示所说的是谁或是什么,其位置一般放在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。例如:
Li Lei is a Chinese boy. ( Li Lei 是名词,作主语。)
He is from England. ( He 是代词,作主语。)
Feeding the birds is my hobby. (“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语,作主语。)
What she said is right. (“ What she said ”是从句,作主语。)
2. 系动词( Link verb ):系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。目前学到的系动词有 be , feel , look , sound , taste , smell 等。例如:
This flower is beautiful.
I felt very tired.
You look worried.
It tastes delicious.
3. 表语( Predicative ):表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)或动名词(短语)等来充当。例如:
I am fine . ( fine 是形容词,作表语)
He is a boy . ( boy 是名词,作表语)
Five plus two is seven . ( seven 是数词,作表语)
We are here . ( here 是副词,作表语)
He is not at home . (“ at home ”是介词短语,作表语)
My hobby is reading . ( reading 是动名词,作表语)
二 . 主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况
(一)否定形式:
1. 主语+ be ( is , am , are ) not +表语。
2. 主语+助动词( do/ does )+ not + feel/ smell/ look…… +表语。例如:
She is a good girl. → She is not a good girl.
You look happy. → You don’t look happy.
It smells bad. → It doesn’t smell bad.
(二)一般疑问句形式:
1. Be ( Is / Am/ Are )+主语+表语?
2. 助动词( Do/ Does )+主语+动词原形+表语?例如:
This girl is in Row One. → Is this girl in Row One?
She feels terrible. → Does she feel terrible?
We look excited. → Do you look excited?
以上是初中教材中关于主系表结构的重点内容,请同学们一定掌握好。
请大家按句子后面括号内的要求改写句子:
1. Lily is American. (改为一般疑问句)
2. I am from Sichuan. (改为否定句)
3. He looks puzzled. (改为一般疑问句)
4. They feel very excited. (改为否定句)
5. I am not feeling well. (改为肯定句)
6. The news sounds very bad. (改为一般疑问句)
7. We are all here. (改为一般疑问句)
8. The food tastes delicious. (改为一般疑问句)
9. Its name is Mimi. (改为否定句)
10. I feel well. (改为否定句)
Key:
1. Is Lily American?
2. I am not from Sichuan.
3. Does he look puzzled?
4. They don’t feel excited.
5. I am feeling well.
6. Does the news sound very bad?
7. Are you all here?
8. Does the food taste delicious?
9. Its name is not Mimi.
10. I don’t feel well.
五个基本句型是:主谓结构,主系表结构,主谓宾结构,主谓双宾语结构,主谓复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)结构。
五个句型贯穿于整个中学英语课本中。为了帮助同学们学好英语,本文拟对主系表结构作一归纳和分析。供同学们学习时参考。
一 . 何谓主系表结构:所谓主系表结构就是英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
1. 主语( Subject ):主语是一句话的中心,表示所说的是谁或是什么,其位置一般放在句首。英语中主语一般不省略。主语主要由名词、动名词、代词或起名词作用的短语或从句来充当。例如:
Li Lei is a Chinese boy. ( Li Lei 是名词,作主语。)
He is from England. ( He 是代词,作主语。)
Feeding the birds is my hobby. (“ Feeding the birds ”是动名词短语,作主语。)
What she said is right. (“ What she said ”是从句,作主语。)
2. 系动词( Link verb ):系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和句子中的表语一起构成谓语。简单地说,将主语和表语联系在一起,并构成一个完整句子的动词就叫做系动词。目前学到的系动词有 be , feel , look , sound , taste , smell 等。例如:
This flower is beautiful.
I felt very tired.
You look worried.
It tastes delicious.
3. 表语( Predicative ):表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征或状态的。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)或动名词(短语)等来充当。例如:
I am fine . ( fine 是形容词,作表语)
He is a boy . ( boy 是名词,作表语)
Five plus two is seven . ( seven 是数词,作表语)
We are here . ( here 是副词,作表语)
He is not at home . (“ at home ”是介词短语,作表语)
My hobby is reading . ( reading 是动名词,作表语)
二 . 主系表结构的否定形式和一般疑问句形式的构成情况
(一)否定形式:
1. 主语+ be ( is , am , are ) not +表语。
2. 主语+助动词( do/ does )+ not + feel/ smell/ look…… +表语。例如:
She is a good girl. → She is not a good girl.
You look happy. → You don’t look happy.
It smells bad. → It doesn’t smell bad.
(二)一般疑问句形式:
1. Be ( Is / Am/ Are )+主语+表语?
2. 助动词( Do/ Does )+主语+动词原形+表语?例如:
This girl is in Row One. → Is this girl in Row One?
She feels terrible. → Does she feel terrible?
We look excited. → Do you look excited?
以上是初中教材中关于主系表结构的重点内容,请同学们一定掌握好。
请大家按句子后面括号内的要求改写句子:
1. Lily is American. (改为一般疑问句)
2. I am from Sichuan. (改为否定句)
3. He looks puzzled. (改为一般疑问句)
4. They feel very excited. (改为否定句)
5. I am not feeling well. (改为肯定句)
6. The news sounds very bad. (改为一般疑问句)
7. We are all here. (改为一般疑问句)
8. The food tastes delicious. (改为一般疑问句)
9. Its name is Mimi. (改为否定句)
10. I feel well. (改为否定句)
Key:
1. Is Lily American?
2. I am not from Sichuan.
3. Does he look puzzled?
4. They don’t feel excited.
5. I am feeling well.
6. Does the news sound very bad?
7. Are you all here?
8. Does the food taste delicious?
9. Its name is not Mimi.
10. I don’t feel well.
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