Question

高分悬赏! 请感兴趣的朋友帮助翻译一篇文章，机器翻译不给分，优秀翻译追加20分。

文章如下：

A historic change is taking place in highereducation. Professors are being held responsible as never before for how wellthey serve students. It has become as common in colleges and universities forstudents to grade professors as for professors to grade students.
In fact, student ratings have become the mostwidely used and, in many cases, the only source of information on teachingeffectiveness. In comparing three studies of the same 600 four-year colleges,it was found that the number of colleges using student ratings to evaluateteachers had climbed from 29 per cent to 68 per cent. No other method ofevaluation approached that degree of usage, and other studies have foundsimilar results.
One reason that student evaluations ofteachers have become so popular is that they are easy to administer and toscore. But they also are easy to abuse. If they are to shed meaningful light onteacher’s performance, the rating must be used in a way that reflects at leastsome of what we've learnt about them from research and from experience.
Research and experience have shown us, forexample, that student ratings should never be the only basis for evaluatingteaching effectiveness. There is much more to teaching than what is evaluatedon student rating forms. When ratings are used, we know that students shouldnot be expected to judge whether the materials used in a course are up to dateor how well the teacher knows the subject matter of the course. These judgmentsrequire professional background and are best left to the professor’scolleagues. On the other hand, students should be asked to estimate what theyhave learned in a course, and to report on such things as a professor’s abilityto communicate at the student’s level, professional behavior in the classroom,relationship with students, and ability to arouse interest in the subject.

Answer 1

一个具有历史意义的高等教育正在发生改变。教授正在前所未有地负责wellthey如何服务学生。它已经成为普通高校forstudents小学教授至于教授年级学生。事实上,学生的评价已成为mostwidely使用,并且在许多情况下,唯一的信息来源teachingeffectiveness上。在比较三种研究相同的600四年制大学,发现大学的数量使用学生评级evaluateteachers已经从29%上升到68%。没有其他方法ofevaluation接近这个程度的用法,和其他研究foundsimilar结果。其中一个原因,学生评价ofteachers已经变得如此受欢迎,他们很容易管理和toscore。但他们也很容易滥用。如果他们想摆脱有意义的光onteacher的表现,评级必须用这样一种方式,反映出至少我们了解他们从研究和经验。研究和经验表明我们,例如,学生的评价不应该是唯一evaluatingteaching有效性的基础。有更多的教学比什么是evaluatedon学生评级形式。当评级使用,我们知道学生们不应该被期望来判断是否使用的材料在一个课程是dateor多好老师知道的主题课程。这些judgmentsrequire专业背景,最好是给'scolleagues教授。另一方面,学生应该被要求估计他们学到什么在一个课程,并且报告在诸如教授的沟通能力在学生的水平,专业的课堂行为,与学生的关系,和能够引起这个话题感兴趣。

Answer 2

一个历史性的变化发生在高等教育。教授负责前所未有的多方面为学生服务。它已经成为普通高校学生的年级教授教授对学生的成绩。
事实上，学生的评价已成为最广泛使用的，在很多情况下，信息对教学效率的唯一来源。在600个相同的四年制大学三的对比研究，发现利用学生评价evaluateteachers高校人数从29增长到68厘。没有其他的方法，评价了使用程度，和其他的研究foundsimilar结果。
学生评价教师已经变得如此受欢迎的原因之一是，他们是易于管理和评分。但他们也容易被滥用。如果他们想摆脱教师的绩效，评级必须使用的方式，反映了至少我们知道他们的研究和经验。
研究和经验表明，例如，学生的收视率不应该evaluatingteaching成效的唯一依据。有什么比evaluatedon学生评教的形式更。当评级的使用，我们知道，学生应该被期望来判断是否用在课程中的材料上或有老师知道标的物的过程。这些judgmentsrequire专业背景，最好留给professor'scolleagues。另一方面，学生们应该被要求估计他们所学的课程，并作为一个教授的沟通能力在学生的水平，这样的报告，在教室里的职业行为，与学生的关系，并能引起兴趣的主题。