Question

如何使用 MFC 嵌入并自动化 Microsoft Excel 工作表

Answer 1

使用应用程序向导新建一个名为“Embed_Excel”的 MFC 应用程序向导 (EXE) 项目。选择“单文档”作为要创建的应用程序类型，并选择“容器”作为要包括的复合文档支持类型。接受所有其他默认设置。 将生成下面几个类： Application：Embed_Excel.h 和 Embed_Excel.cpp 中的 CEmbed_ExcelApp Frame：MainFrm.h 和 MainFrm.cpp 中的 CMainFrame Document：Embed_ExcelDoc.h 和 Embed_ExcelDoc.cpp 中的 CEmbed_ExcelDoc View：Embed_ExcelView.h 和 Embed_ExcelView.cpp 中的 CEmbed_ExcelView Container Item：CntrItem.h 和 CntrItem.cpp 中的 CEmbed_ExcelCntrItem在视图菜单上，单击类向导。单击自动化选项卡，单击添加类，并选择从类型库。找到 Microsoft Excel 类型库，然后将类型库中的所有类都添加到您的项目中。对于 Excel 97，类型库位于 Excel8.olb。对于 Excel 2000，类型库位于 Excel9.olb；对于 Excel 2002，类型库位于 Excel.exe。将下面一行代码添加到 CntrItem.h： LPDISPATCH GetIDispatch(); 然后将 GetIDispatch 方法添加到 CntrItem.cpp： Sample Code ----------- /******************************************************************* * This method returns the IDispatch* for the application linked to * this container. ********************************************************************/ LPDISPATCH CEmbed_ExcelCntrItem::GetIDispatch() { //The this and m_lpObject pointers must be valid for this function //to work correctly. The m_lpObject is the IUnknown pointer to // this object. ASSERT_VALID(this); ASSERT(m_lpObject != NULL); LPUNKNOWN lpUnk = m_lpObject; //The embedded application must be running in order for the rest //of the function to work. Run(); //QI for the IOleLink interface of m_lpObject. LPOLELINK lpOleLink = NULL; if (m_lpObject->QueryInterface(IID_IOleLink, (LPVOID FAR*)&lpOleLink) == NOERROR) { ASSERT(lpOleLink != NULL); lpUnk = NULL; //Retrieve the IUnknown interface to the linked application. if (lpOleLink->GetBoundSource(&lpUnk) != NOERROR) { TRACE0("Warning: Link is not connected!\n"); lpOleLink->Release(); return NULL; } ASSERT(lpUnk != NULL); } //QI for the IDispatch interface of the linked application. LPDISPATCH lpDispatch = NULL; if (lpUnk->QueryInterface(IID_IDispatch, (LPVOID FAR*)&lpDispatch) !=NOERROR) { TRACE0("Warning: does not support IDispatch!\n"); return NULL; } //After assuring ourselves it is valid, return the IDispatch //interface to the caller. ASSERT(lpDispatch != NULL); return lpDispatch; } 将下面一行代码添加到 Embed_ExcelView.h： void EmbedAutomateExcel(); 然后将 EmbedAutomateExcel 方法添加到 Embed_ExcelView.cpp： Sample Code ----------- /******************************************************************** * This method encapsulates the process of embedding an Excel * Worksheet in a View object and automating that worksheet to add * some text to cell A1. ********************************************************************/ void CEmbed_ExcelView::EmbedAutomateExcel() { //Change the cursor so the user knows something exciting is going //on. BeginWaitCursor(); CEmbed_ExcelCntrItem* pItem = NULL; TRY { //Get the document associated with this view, and be sure it's //valid. CEmbed_ExcelDoc* pDoc = GetDocument(); ASSERT_VALID(pDoc); //Create a new item associated with this document, and be sure //it's valid. pItem = new CEmbed_ExcelCntrItem(pDoc); ASSERT_VALID(pItem); // Get Class ID for Excel sheet. // This is used in creation. CLSID clsid; if(FAILED(::CLSIDFromProgID(L"Excel.sheet",&clsid))) //Any exception will do. We just need to break out of the //TRY statement. AfxThrowMemoryException(); // Create the Excel embedded item. if(!pItem->CreateNewItem(clsid)) //Any exception will do. We just need to break out of the //TRY statement. AfxThrowMemoryException(); //Make sure the new CContainerItem is valid. ASSERT_VALID(pItem); // Launch the server to edit the item. pItem->DoVerb(OLEIVERB_SHOW, this); // As an arbitrary user interface design, this sets the // selection to the last item inserted. m_pSelection = pItem; // set selection to last inserted item pDoc->UpdateAllViews(NULL); //Query for the dispatch pointer for the embedded object. In //this case, this is the Excel worksheet. LPDISPATCH lpDisp; lpDisp = pItem->GetIDispatch(); //Add text in cell A1 of the embedded Excel sheet _Workbook wb; Worksheets wsSet; _Worksheet ws; Range range; _Application app; //set _Workbook wb to use lpDisp, the IDispatch* of the //actual workbook. wb.AttachDispatch(lpDisp); //Then get the worksheet's application. app = wb.GetApplication(); //Then get the first worksheet in the workbook wsSet = wb.GetWorksheets(); ws = wsSet.GetItem(COleVariant((short)1)); //From there, get a Range object corresponding to cell A1. range = ws.GetRange(COleVariant("A1"), COleVariant("A1")); //Fill A1 with the string "Hello, World!" range.SetValue(COleVariant("Hello, World!")); //NOTE: If you are automating Excel 2002, the Range.SetValue method has an //additional optional parameter specifying the data type. Because the //parameter is optional, existing code will still work correctly, but new //code should use the new convention. The call for Excel2002 should look //like the following: //range.SetValue( ColeVariant( (long)DISP_E_PARAMNOTFOUND, VT_ERROR ), // COleVariant("Hello, World!")); } //Here, we need to do clean up if something went wrong. CATCH(CException, e) { if (pItem != NULL) { ASSERT_VALID(pItem); pItem->Delete(); } AfxMessageBox(IDP_FAILED_TO_CREATE); } END_CATCH //Set the cursor back to normal so the user knows exciting stuff //is no longer happening. EndWaitCursor(); } 将下面一行代码添加到 Embed_ExcelView.h： #include "excel8.h" 注意：如果要自动化 Excel 2000，头文件应为“excel9.h”。如果要自动化 Excel 2002，头文件应为“excel.h”。看一下 View 类的 OnInsertObject() 方法。您会注意到一件非常有趣的事：这个方法与我们刚刚编写的方法惊人地相似。事实上，我们编写的代码只是 OnInsertObject() 的一个特例，它允许用户从可用的 OLE 对象列表中选择插入应用程序的对象。由于我们的目的只是自动化 Excel 工作表，因此覆盖了这一行为。在我们的应用程序中，从 InsertObject() 内部删除了所有代码，并代之以对 EmbedAutomateExcel() 的调用。编译并运行应用程序。在编辑菜单上，单击插入新对象。结果：Microsoft Excel 工作表被嵌入到 View 对象中；另外，通过自动化，在单元格 A1 的内容中填入了“Hello, World!”