Question

冠词用法 冠词分类

不定冠词、定冠词的用法。
零冠词解释和用法。

Answer 1

1. 不定冠词的用法

(1) a用在子音前; an用在母音前。
An hour

(2) 表同种类的全体, 此时a带有any的意味。
A dog is a faithful animal. (=Dogs are faithful animals.)

(3) 等于one。
I have a sister and two brothers.

(4) 等于the same.
Birds of a feather flock together.

(5) 等于per“每一......”。
We work eight hours a day. Ninety miles an hour.

(6) a = a certain, 表说话者不认识此人。
Do you know a Mr. Smith?

(7) 物质名词或抽象名词加a (an)即成普通名词，
Asparagus is a grass. (a = a kind of).
This is a good cloth for summer.

(8) “have (or take) a 抽象名词”，与抽象名词的动词形同义。
Let us take am. = Let usm.

2. 定冠词的用法

(1) 由于上下文的关系, 某名词所指的东西已非常明显, 或已有一定的范围, 该名词应加the。
Shut the door.
Please pass me the caster.

(2) 表该名词的总称。
The cow is a useful animal. (= Cows are useful animals.)

(3) 前面已提过的名词，再度提到时前面加the。
Once upon a time there was a little boy who lived in a cottage.
The cottage was in the country, and the boy lived there all his life.

(4) 用于为片语或子句所修饰的名词之前。
This is the book that I promised to lend you.

(5) 用在宇宙（独一无二）的天体名词之前。
The sun; the moon; the sky; the earth.

(6) 用在方位，方向等名词之前。
The sun rises in the east and set in the west.

(7) 乐器的名称前要加the。
To play the piano (violin, guitar, flute, etc.)

(8) 表示单位的名词前要加the。
Gasoline is sold by the gallon.
Meat is sold by the catty.

(9) 在最高级的形容词或序数(the first...)之前要加the。
Taiwan is the best place to live in.

(10)专有名词在下列情况可加the。
(A) 海、河、运河的名称：The Thames; the Bahamas;
(B) 复数形的专有名词: The West Indies; the Bahamas;
(C) 船泊的名称: The Queen Mary; the Flying Scotsman; the Comet;
(D) 书报、杂志、经典的名称： the Times; the Central Daily News; the Koran;
(E) 公共建筑、机关的名称: The Ritz Hotel; the Ministry of Education;
(F) 国民的总称: the French; the Japanese; the Chinese;
(G) 用在姓氏的复数前指其全家人: The Chens will move to the country. 零冠词是指名词前面没有不定冠词、定冠词，也没有其他限定词的现象，零冠词的用法如下：
1．表示抽象概括意义时，不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词，例：
Books are my best friends．
书是我的好朋友。Water boils at 100℃．
水在摄氏100度沸腾。
比较： The water in this river is undrinkable．这条河的水不可饮用。
2．专有名词通常使用零冠词，例：
Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer．
鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。
London is the capital of England．
伦敦是英国的首都。
China is a developing socialist country．中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家。
3．按照习惯下列各类名词使用零冠词
1）季节、月份、星期以及节假日等名词，例：Summer begins in June in this part of the country．这个地区夏天从六月份开始。
We have no classes on Sunday．
星期日我们不上课。
There are a lot of people shopping at Christmas．在圣诞节有很多人购买东西。
2）三餐饭菜的名词，例：
have supper 吃晚饭
come to dinner 去吃饭
3）语言、运动、游戏等名词，例：
She speaks Chinese．她说汉语。
He plays football．他踢足球。
Let’s have a game of chess．咱俩下盘棋吧。4）在某些意义有改变的名词前要使用零冠词，例：He has gone to school．（to learn）
他去上学了。
They are in church just now．（to worship）
现在他们在做礼拜。
同样， in hospital是“住院（治疗）”，in prison是“服刑”，等等。
注意：如果在这类名词前加冠词，则表示去那里干与之无关的事，例：
go to the school可理解为去学校看望人，而不是“学习”。
4．在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前，例：
Professor Wang 王教授
Doctor Tompson 汤普生医生
President Lincoln 林肯总统
Dean of the English Department 英语系主任