Question

以“如何提高英语写作水平”写一篇英语作文

Answer 1

要提高英语写作能力,首先应打好基础,注重语言技巧方面的训练.可从以下几方面入手：　　一、扩大词汇量,背诵常用句型和地道表达　　没有一定的词汇量,再好的思想也无法表达出来.而词汇的掌握不仅仅局限于量的多少,更重要的是词汇的用法,如所用语境、词组的搭配、衍生词以及同义词的辨析等.建议背诵词汇时要将其放在句子或文章中记忆,至少应背诵词组.这样既可保证所用词汇的准确性,又可帮助学习者在写作时更习惯选用词组来表达,增强文章的表现力.同时,背诵相应的同义词可以保证在表达同一思想时有不同的词汇可供选择,从而避免词汇的重复使用.同样,对于英语中的常用句型和习惯表达,我们平时更要注意积累.这些表达会使文章增添色彩,也更符合英美人士的表达习惯.我们平时还要注意积累一些常用表达方式和替代表达方式,这样文章就不会显得过于平庸.如：　　用individuals替换people, persons.　　用positive, promising, perfect, excellent替换good.　　用There is a widespread belief/no denying that替换It is believed that.　　用for my part, from my own perspective替换in my opinion.　　用increasing（ly）, growing替换more and more.　　用beneficial, rewarding替换helpful.　　用sth. appeals to sb., sth. exerts a tremendous fascination on sb.替换sb. take interest in/sb. be interested in.　　用There are several reasons behind sth.替换There are several reasons for sth..　　用bear in mind that替换remember.　　用purchase替换buy.　　二、合理借鉴一些有代表性的英语范文　　有些人鼓励英语学习者背诵一些优秀范文,以达到提高写作水平的目的.但笔者实践下来,感到这种方法费时又费力,且效果并不十分明显.如果背诵量不多,是起不到效果的.要想英语能力整体提高,至少要背诵数十篇甚至上百篇优秀范文,这本身就很花时间,更不必说真正在写作时能用到的有多少了.真正写作时,要把别人的表达融入自己的表达,是比较困难的事情,很可能一不小心弄巧成拙.因此,笔者建议英语学习者寻找一些优秀的、原汁原味的英语文章来训练.在训练时,首先看文章标题,然后设想自己拿到这个题目后该如何组织文章,从什么角度去表达,然后列出提纲,并展开全文.文章完成后,就可以和原文进行对比,主要可以从逻辑关系、论证手法、论据选择等方面进行比较.通过这种比较,学习者就能够发现自己的文章哪些方面需要改进.细细比较,就会学到很多东西.平时多进行这样的训练,不断积累,就可以在无形中把原汁原味的语言“带”进自己的作文中.因此,这样的方法对于提高写作水平很有效.　　三、适当背诵写作模板　　至于是否背诵写作模板的问题,一向很有争议.笔者认为,对英语基础薄弱的人而言,有必要背诵写作模板,以保证在比较紧张的情况下能完成写作任务.而且,并不是按模板写成的作文就一定会得低分,有时候考试中的满分作文也是模板样式的,关键是作者在写作时如何去处理.因此,在平时的积累中,不要刻意地去回避模板.积累到一定水平之后,自然就会找出更多谋篇布局的方式和方法.　　四、积累一些谚语　　同学们若能在自己的作文中,恰到好处地使用一两句谚语,会为作文增色不少.如：　　Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧.　　A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口.　　One is never too old to learn.学无止境.　　Creep before you walk.循序渐进.　　Do as the Romans do.入乡随俗.　　Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩.　　Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母.　　A fall into a pit , a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智.　　Good health is over wealth.健康是最大的财富.　　Every bean has its black.金无足赤,人无完人.　　Content is better than riches.知足者常乐.　　Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步.　　A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半.　　Success belongs to the persevering.坚持就是胜利.　　注重布局谋篇 突破写作技巧　　英语写作一般包括一个开头段、一至两个扩展段和一个结尾段.开头段和结尾段一般比较短,分别着重于表达主题和提升主题.作为对开头段中主题句的论证,解释和说明的扩展段是文章的主体.扩展段的主要特点是围绕段落主题句展开,并对主题开展进一步的分析和说明,只有写好了扩展段才能使文章言之有理,具有说服力.　　一、开头段　　开头段一定要语言精练,提出观点或论点,表明写作意图,并且直接切入主题.写开头段有多种表达方法.以下文章开头可供借鉴：　　1.Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern.　　e.g.Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.　　2.One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that...　　e.g.One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.　　3.As we can see from the table/graph/figure above, drastic/considerable/ great changes have taken place in...over the period of time from...（年份） to...（年份）　　4.The current situation of... if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that...　　e.g.The current situation of our reforms is political structure, if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that much of the achievement is far from satisfactory. For example...But...　　二、扩展段　　扩展段是文章的主体,其中每段都应该有自己的主题句,同时这些主题句又是文章中心思想的扩展句,其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和翔实的解释和论证.扩展段可以采用很多方法展开,这里简要介绍五种常用的方法：列举法、叙述法、因果法、对比法、例证法.　　1.列举法　　列举法就是通过列举一系列的论据对开头段中提出的论点广泛、全面地陈述或解释.常用句型：　　（1）The significance of（doing） sth. is embodied/reflected in the following respects.　　（2）One of the reasons given for...is that... What is also worth noticing is that...　　（3）There are numerous reasons why..., and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.　　2.叙述法　　用叙述法写成的扩展句主要是按照事情本身发生的时间或者空间的顺序排列,通过使用一些特有的过渡连接词,有层次、分步骤地表达主题句的一种写作技巧.常用句型：　　（1）As far as a witness is concerned, the accident in question happened mysteriously. First...then, at last...　　（2）I was once caught/stuck in the same situation/context, but I managed to lift myself out of it.　　3.因果法　　因果法用来说明原因,论述事理.常用句型：　　（1）It is obvious, therefore, that all-out/constant efforts should be exerted/directed to...　　e.g.It is evident, therefore, that constant efforts should be directed to the ecological balance.　　（2）Therefore, to...is not a（n） goal/aim to achieve in one step/move/go, and it requires special efforts/measures.　　e.g.Therefore, to eradicate this inherent weakness from our society is not a goal to reach in one move, and it requires special efforts.　　4.对比法　　对比法是将同类的事物进行比较分析,从而更清楚地阐述比较对象之间的不同.常用句型：　　（1）From the above comparison and contrast, anyone can safely/reasonably conclude that...　　（2）As things stand, in fact/substance, nothing can be compared with B in ...although...　　e.g.As things stand, in fact, nothing can be compared with the crackdown of corrupt officials in arousing the enthusiasm of the masses, although it is not without defects.　　5.例证法　　例证法通过举出具体的事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容.常用句型：　　（1）A good case in point is （can be best provided by） that of...　　e.g.A good case in point is that of a businessman who makes money by fairmeans or foul.　　（2）In the course of... for example, there is/are...　　e.g.In the course of coping with worries in life, for example, there is an art to what way you take.　　三、结尾段　　结尾段要起到画龙点睛、深化主题的作用.结尾段可以总结归纳文章要点、重申主题,也可以提出建议、展望未来.常用结构：　　1.In short/brief/one word/sum, once we are on the way to..., the chance of achieving/making it will increase/grow greater/come to our advantage.　　e.g.In short, once our country is on the way to clearing corrupt dealings out of the Party, the chance of making it will come to the people’s advantage.　　2.With a constant/steady improvement in ...（或With the gradual worsening of...） sth. will...　　e.g.With a steady improvement in its administration, the new-born thing will flourish on Chinese soil.　　在文章结构和内容方面合理安排之后,文章的语言形式上也需要写作者精雕细琢,有效使用各种表达方式,使文章句式灵活多变,避免单调.在句式的变化中,可将长短句结合使用,灵活使用简单句、并列句与复合句.一些较复杂的结构如独立主格、分词结构等也可使用.每句话的开头不一定都是以“人”开头,可以考虑用其他主语.同时,在适当的时候,可以考虑用一定的修辞方法,使文章更有表现力.如：　　The old lady was on her first flight, so that she felt very uneasy.（原句）→Extreme uneasiness seized the old lady on her first flight.（改写句）　　The trees are bare. The grass is brown. The landscape seems drab.（原句）→The landscape, bare and brown, begged for spring green.（改写句）　　Chinese people experienced great changes in 1949.（原句）→The year 1949 saw great changes in China.（改写句）　　Grazing peacefully, the goats in the farm were unaware of the approaching hunter.（现在分语短语+简单句）