Question

不定式和动名词做宾语的区别是什么？

Answer 1

动名词和不定式的区别在于：一般来说，动名词着重进程，不定式着重结果。如：\x0d\x0aSeeing is believing. 眼见为实。\x0d\x0aTo see is to believe. 眼见为实。\x0d\x0aYour work needs correcting. 你写的东西需要修改。\x0d\x0aYour work needs to be corrected. 你写的东西要修改。（用动词不定式的时候，要用被动式来表现）\x0d\x0aI prefer staying indoors on cold winter evenings. 在冬天的夜晚我宁愿待在家里。\x0d\x0aI prefer to stay indoors on cold winter evenings. 在冬天的夜晚我宁愿待在家里。\x0d\x0a但有时二者意义有差异：\x0d\x0a1)动名词的逻辑主语可能泛指人们，而不定式的逻辑主语则常常是句子中的名词或代词。如：\x0d\x0aI scorn telling lies. 我蔑视说谎。\x0d\x0aI scorn to tell a lie. 我不屑于说谎。\x0d\x0aI hate smoking. 我讨厌吸烟。\x0d\x0aI hate to smoke. 我不爱吸烟。\x0d\x0a2)动名词表一般或抽象的多次性行为，而不定式则往往表具体的或一次性的动作。试比较：\x0d\x0aPlaying with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。(泛指玩火)\x0d\x0aTo play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。(指一具体动作)\x0d\x0aTalking for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think. 一连讲几个小时的话会比你似乎想象的要累。(泛指讲话)\x0d\x0aTo talk for hours at a stretch is more exhausting than you seem to think. 你一连讲几个小时的话可比你似乎想象的要累。(指一个人的感受)\x0d\x0a3)在某些动词之后只能用动名词，而另一些动词之后只能用不定式。常后接动名词的动词有acknowledge，admit，advocate，avoid，consider，contemplate，defer，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，evade，fancy，finish，grudge，imagine，include，keep，mind，miss，postpone，practise，recall，recollect，repent，resent，resist，risk，stop，suggest等；短语动词有give up等。\x0d\x0a常后接不定式的动词有afford，agree，aim，ask，claim，choose，decide，decline，demand，expect，desire，determine，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，pretend，promise，refuse，resolve，threaten，wish等。\x0d\x0acare，hesitate，long，bother，tend，trouble等皆为不及物动词，故其后接的不定式不是宾语，而是状语。\x0d\x0a4)有不少动词既可后接动名词亦可后接不定式，常见的有attempt，begin，continue，deserve，disdain，dread，endure，neglect，omit，prefer，proceed，propose，regret，remember，scorn，start，try，want等。\x0d\x0a上述动词后接的动名词与不定式在意义上往往没有什么区别。但有时二者意义却有所不同。试比较：\x0d\x0aThe boy tried moving the heavy sofa. 这男孩试着搬动那张很重的沙发。（try意为“试”)\x0d\x0aThe boy tried to move the heavy sofa. 这男孩试图搬动那张很重的沙发。(try意为“试图”或“企图”)\x0d\x0aI regret not taking good care of myself. 我懊悔没好好照料我自己。(动名词taking care of 指过去)\x0d\x0aI regret to say that I can't help you. 我很抱歉，不能帮助你。(不定式to say指现在)\x0d\x0aI couldn’t help laughing at the way he pronounced the sound. 他发这个音的样子，我忍不住要笑。(help后接动名词意谓“避免”)\x0d\x0aI can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这地方。(help后接不定式意谓“帮助”)\x0d\x0aShe proposes catching the early train. 她建议赶早班火车。\x0d\x0aShe proposes to catch the early train. 她打算去赶早班火车。\x0d\x0aThis means helping you. 这意味着帮助你。(mean后接动名词意谓“意味着”)\x0d\x0aThis means to help you. 这意在帮你。(mean在此后接不定式意谓“意在”)\x0d\x0a5)动词stop和quit可后接动名词和不定式，但两者的句子功用不同。试比较：\x0d\x0aHe stopped eating breakfast. 他停止了吃早餐。(stop在此是及物动词，动名词eating是宾语)\x0d\x0aHe stopped to have a cup of coffee. 他停下来喝一杯咖啡。(stop在此是不及物动词，不定式to have用作目的状语)\x0d\x0aHe quit smoking last week. 他上星期戒了烟。(quit在此是及物动词，动名词smoking是宾语)\x0d\x0aAt noon the men quit to eat. 中午工人们停下来吃饭。(quit在此是不及物动词，不定式to eat用作目的状语)\x0d\x0a短语动词go on后接的动名词与不定式不仅其句子功用不同，其含义亦不一样。试比较：\x0d\x0aThey went on talking. 他们继续谈着。(动名词talking是宾语，意谓不停地谈下去)\x0d\x0aThey went on to talk about other matters. 他们接着又谈别的事情。(不定式to talk是目的状语，意谓接着做另一件事)\x0d\x0a6)有的动词其后接的动名词表已完成的动作，不定式则表未完成的动作。如：\x0d\x0aI remember locking the door last night. 我记得昨晚把门锁上了。(locking表已完成的动作)\x0d\x0aRemember to lock the door. 记得要锁门。(to lock表未完成的动作)\x0d\x0aHe enjoys visiting. 他对访问感到愉快。(visiting表已完成的动作)\x0d\x0aHe expects to visit. 他期望访问。(to visit表未完成的动作)\x0d\x0a动词forget(常用过去一般时与现在完成时)后亦可接不定式或动名词。其后的不定式表未完成的动作。如：\x0d\x0aI forgot to hear her song. 我忘记听她唱歌了。\x0d\x0aHe has forgotten to pay back the money he borrowed. 他忘记还所借的款。\x0d\x0a动词forget(但常用于将来一般时的否定和疑问结构)后接的动名词表已完成的动作。如：\x0d\x0aNever will I forget hearing her song. 我将永远不会忘记听她唱的歌。\x0d\x0aWill you ever forget hearing her sing? 你会忘记听她的歌唱吗?\x0d\x0a偶尔也用于现在时态。如：\x0d\x0aI forget mailing it. 我忘记已把它寄出去了。\x0d\x0a如用过去一般时，即forgot，则应先接介系词about，再接动名词。如：\x0d\x0aI forgot about hearing her song. 我忘记已听她唱歌了。\x0d\x0a也可以后接从句。如：\x0d\x0aI forgot that I had heard her song. 我忘记已听她唱歌了。\x0d\x0a7)在含有cannot(could not)的否定结构中，有的动词须后接动名词，有的动词则多后接不定式。如：\x0d\x0aI can’t stand being kept waiting. 我不堪久候。(can’t stand后接动名词)\x0d\x0aShe could not forbear to cry out. 她不由得喊叫起来。(could not forbear后接不定式)\x0d\x0a8)有些动词后接动名词主动式可表被动意义，而不定式则须用其被动式表被动意义。如：\x0d\x0aI won’t bear thinking of. 我不堪被人惦着。\x0d\x0aI won’t bear to be thought about.\x0d\x0aIt needs repairing. 它需要修理。\x0d\x0aIt needs to be repaired.\x0d\x0a9)有些动词在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式，意思无多大区别。如：\x0d\x0aIt started raining. 开始下雨了。\x0d\x0aIt started to rain.\x0d\x0aI fear offending her. 我害怕冒犯她。\x0d\x0aI fear to offend her.\x0d\x0a10)在should(would) like，love等之后须用不定式。如：\x0d\x0aI’d like to thank you again. 我愿再次感谢你。\x0d\x0aI’d love to come sometime. 日后我愿意来的。\x0d\x0a11)修饰上需要变换，为了避免连用不定式或动名词。如：\x0d\x0aThe students have begun planning to open a class on the correct use of English words for workers in nearby factories. 学生们已开始计划为附近工厂的工人开办一个正确运用英文单字的班。(这里用动名词planning显然较好，如用不定式to plan则很难上口)\x0d\x0aIt is beginning to rain. 开始下雨了。（begin用了进行时，后面的动词只能用动词不定式）\x0d\x0a希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。