Question

求高人帮我把这段话翻译成英文，不胜感激

在社会治理体系中， 无论是公共领域还是私人领域， 只要是职业活动和组织行为， 都会通过职位和岗位来明确界定人的责任和义务， 有效地配置权力。这也是近代社会“理主义”组织行为模式中最为典型的形式， 但该行为模式没有注意到人的职位和岗位直接地构成人的多元社会角色中的一种。就是说，任何一种职业， 任何一类专业化社会活动， 任何一个组织行为体系， 都不仅以整体的形式构造组织化的人的社会角色中的一部分， 而且在组织成员个体那里担负着社会角色， 甚至首先在个体那里成为社会角色中的一种。对于人来说， 每一个职位、岗位都不仅是特定的组织行为体系中的责任和义务， 而且直接地根源于整个社会的责任和义务。
职位和岗位具有二重性， 与之相对应的责任和义务也是有同样的二重性。一方面， 责任和义务属于特定的职业和组织行为体系；另一方面， 责任和义务又属于整个社会。对于每一职位和岗位上的从业者来说，他的职位、岗位及其责任和义务，在职业活动和组织行为体系内会以职务的形式出现，在面向其直接归属的行为体系之外时， 则以职业的形式出现。特别需要指出的是，职务与职业在从业者这里只是社会角色的二重归属。在从业者与他人的联系中，职务与职业都是直接的。因此， 当管理主义组织行为模式成为职务—职业—社会之间的单线联系模式的时候，责任和义务便被片面化、形式化和缺乏道德的内容。我们在近代以来的社会治理中，时时处处都可以看到社会治理者只对社会治理体系负责而不对社会治理活动的对象及后果负责的情况。比如， 就政府而言，下级官员只对上级官员负责， 政府所有的官员都只对政府负责。只有政府才对社会负责，政府官员丧失了直接对社会负责的责任和义务的向度。政府对社会负责，却很少对它的官员负责。因为，政府的官员仅仅是政府的“雇员”，以至于政府的官员在政府中也时常会感到“不平”。公共管理的职业活动就是要改变这种状况， 把单线的责任、义务模式改造成双线的甚至多线的责任、义务模式。还以政府为例，公共管理的职业活动要求政府官员一方面对政府负责， 另一方面直接对社会负责； 同样，政府既对社会负责，也对其官员负责。在这种情况下，政府官员不仅仅是雇员。他们在直接对社会负责的过程中获得了在政府体系中享有自主性的资格。如果说， 管理型社会治理模式中的政府视其官员为雇员的结果就是使他们成为政府行政执行的工具， 那么， 公共管理条件下的政府则使政府官员成为拥有自主意识的人。这就是两者的根本区别。若把这种区别变成革新现实社会治理模式的动力， 不容置疑的起点则是在理论上把握职位、岗位及其责任和义务的双重直接关系。

Answer 1

In the social system of governance, whether public or private areas of the field, as long as the professional activities and organizations, will be through the posts and positions to clearly define the responsibilities and obligations, effective allocation of power. This is modern society "rationale" organizational behavior patterns in most typical form, but the patterns of behaviour not aware of the posts and positions directly to a person's pluralistic society in a role. In other words, any job, any kind of a professional social activities, an organization of any system, not only in the form of the overall structure of the organization's role in society in part, and where individual members of the organization charged with the social role And even become the first in the individual and society where the role of the kind. For people, each of posts, posts are not only specific acts of the organization system of responsibility and obligation, but also directly rooted in the community's responsibilities and obligations.
Duality of posts and positions are, corresponding responsibilities and obligations is the same duality. On the one hand, responsibilities and obligations, which belong to a particular act occupational and organizational system; On the other hand, has the responsibility and obligation of the whole community. For each of the posts and positions on the practitioners, he posts, posts and their responsibilities and obligations, professional activities and organizational behavior within the system will be in the form of duties, in the face of its direct ownership of the system beyond the , While the form of occupation. Special needs to be pointed out that the duties and professional practitioners in the community here is the role of the re-attribution. Practitioners in contact with others, and professional duties are straightforward. Therefore, when the management and organizational behavior patterns into positions - professional - the one-lane link between the social model, responsibilities and obligations will be one-sided, formal and lack of moral content. We in the modern history of social governance in all matters of social management can be seen only on social governance system responsible for the management activities of the community rather than the object and responsible for the consequences of the situation. For example, on the Government, only lower-level officials responsible for the higher-level officials, all government officials responsible only to the Government. Only the Government only socially responsible, government officials lost their direct responsibility to the community the responsibility and obligation of the dimensions. Government socially responsible, but very few of its officials in charge. This is because government officials only is the government's "employee" and even government officials in the government also often feel "injustice." The professional activities of public administration is to change this situation, the one-lane of the responsibilities, obligations of the two-mode into even more of the responsibilities, obligations mode. Also to the Government as an example, the public management of professional activities require government officials on the one hand, the Government, on the other hand directly to the community; Similarly, the Government is responsible for both the community and its officials responsible for. In such circumstances, government officials not just employees. They direct the community in the process of access to the system enjoy the autonomy of the qualifications. If we say that the management model of social governance in the government officials for their employees as the result is to turn them into a tool for the implementation of the Government, then, public management under the conditions of the Government so that government officials have become self-consciousness of people. This is the fundamental difference between the two. If such a distinction into the reality of social governance model innovation the driving force, no doubt the starting point is, in theory grasp the posts, posts and their responsibilities and obligations directly related to the double.
请在仔细看看是否有语法错误

Answer 2

In the social system of governance, whether public or private areas of the field, as long as the professional activities and organizations, will be through the posts and positions to clearly define the responsibilities and obligations, effective allocation of power. This is modern society "rationale" organizational behavior patterns in most typical form, but the patterns of behaviour not aware of the posts and positions directly to a person's pluralistic society in a role. In other words, any job, any kind of a professional social activities, an organization of any system, not only in the form of the overall structure of the organization's role in society in part, and where individual members of the organization charged with the social role And even become the first in the individual and society where the role of the kind. For people, each of posts, posts are not only specific acts of the organization system of responsibility and obligation, but also directly rooted in the community's responsibilities and obligations.
Duality of posts and positions are, corresponding responsibilities and obligations is the same duality. On the one hand, responsibilities and obligations, which belong to a particular act occupational and organizational system; On the other hand, has the responsibility and obligation of the whole community. For each of the posts and positions on the practitioners, he posts, posts and their responsibilities and obligations, professional activities and organizational behavior within the system will be in the form of duties, in the face of its direct ownership of the system beyond the , While the form of occupation. Special needs to be pointed out that the duties and professional practitioners in the community here is the role of the re-attribution. Practitioners in contact with others, and professional duties are straightforward. Therefore, when the management and organizational behavior patterns into positions - professional - the one-lane link between the social model, responsibilities and obligations will be one-sided, formal and lack of moral content. We in the modern history of social governance in all matters of social management can be seen only on social governance system responsible for the management activities of the community rather than the object and responsible for the consequences of the situation. For example, on the Government, only lower-level officials responsible for the higher-level officials, all government officials responsible only to the Government. Only the Government only socially responsible, government officials lost their direct responsibility to the community the responsibility and obligation of the dimensions. Government socially responsible, but very few of its officials in charge. This is because government officials only is the government's "employee" and even government officials in the government also often feel "injustice." The professional activities of public administration is to change this situation, the one-lane of the responsibilities, obligations of the two-mode into even more of the responsibilities, obligations mode. Also to the Government as an example, the public management of professional activities require government officials on the one hand, the Government, on the other hand directly to the community; Similarly, the Government is responsible for both the community and its officials responsible for. In such circumstances, government officials not just employees. They direct the community in the process of access to the system enjoy the autonomy of the qualifications. If we say that the management model of social governance in the government officials for their employees as the result is to turn them into a tool for the implementation of the Government, then, public management under the conditions of the Government so that government officials have become self-consciousness of people. This is the fundamental difference between the two. If such a distinction into the reality of social governance model innovation the driving force, no doubt the starting point is, in theory grasp the posts, posts and their responsibilities and obligations directly related to the double.