英语中不定式是什么？
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英语中的不定式是非谓语动词的一种，其形式是“to+动词原形”。
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在阿卡索，每天都有25分钟时间跟着外教一对一学英语，效果真的很不错，而且性价比也是非常高的，课均不到20元，就能拥有自己的专属外教，各位可以点击上述蓝字免费试听体验一下。
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1、首先，不定式的基本标志就是to do。不要钻纠它怎么来的，你只需要记住不定式和分词，动名词一样属于“非谓语动词”即可。非谓语动词就说明这几类词不能单独用作谓语。比如我们可以说I love you（love做谓语），但是不能说I to love you（to love是不定式，不能做谓语）。
2、记住某些动词后面习惯用不定式做搭配。这些动词需要特殊记忆，比如persuade sb to do sth和ask sb to do sth等。
3、记住有些动词后面的不定式可以省略不定式标志to，此类动词用口诀记忆：make have, 看（watch）;let, 听（hear）,觉（feel），见（see）;help后跟不定式有to无to你随便。口诀中的汉字是为了押韵好记。比如the teacher made us close our textbooks，此句close是个不定式，但是省略了to。
4、记住3中的动词如果用了被动形式，则to不能省略。比如we were made to close our textbooks。此句因为make用了被动形式were made，所以其后的不定式不能省略to。
5、记住不定式经常表示目的状语，也就是说事情还没发生呢，只是计划。凭这一点，我们可以解决很多题目。比如when you leave the room, remember_____the window. A. closing B. to close。此题答案是B。因为句子大意是～离开房间，记着_____窗户。窗户还没有关呢，所以只能填不定式，表示一个目标。
拓展资料
英语中不带to的不定式
英语动词有三个非限定形式，即不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词。关于不定式：不定式分为两种——带to不定式和不带to不定式。我们从小就耳熟能详的to do 不定式，在哪些场合不定式不带to。
1、在情态动词后：情态动词后用不带to的不定式。
You must study hard. 你必须好好学习。
You should finish it as soon as possible. 你应该尽快完成这件事。
注：边际情态动词有所不同。如need作情态动词时，跟不带to不定式；作主动词后跟带to不定式。
We need stay at home this morning. （作情态动词）我们今晚要待在家里。
We need to stay at home this morning. （作主动词）我们今晚要待在家里。
2、在半助动词后：
You had better bring an umbrella with you when you go out. 你出门最好带一把伞。
3、在情态成语后：
在would rather/ would sooner/ would as soon, may/ might as well, cannot but/ cannot help but等情态成语之后，跟不带to不定式。
I would rather not know you. 我宁愿不认识你。
We might as well take a walk since it is sunny now. 天气晴朗，我们不妨走走。
4、 在rather than和sooner than（置于句首）后：
Rather than cause trouble，he left his hometown. 他宁愿离开家乡也不愿引起麻烦。
5、在搭配“主动词+主动词”的第一个主动词后：
在该搭配中，第二个主动词就是不带to不定式。常见有make believe, let go, make believe, make do等等。
Let’s make believe we have won the game.让我们假装赢了比赛吧！
6、在“使役动词+宾语”后：在make, let, have等使役动词加宾语后，用不用to不定式。
Let’s play basketball together. 让我们一起打篮球吧。
7、在“感觉动词+宾语”后：
在“see,hear,observe, notice,feel”等感觉动词加宾语后，用不带to不定式。
I heard someone sing last night. 我昨晚听到有人唱歌。
8、 在“why/ why not”结构中：
Why not go shopping now. 为什么现在不去购物呢？
9、在介词“except和but”后：
在except和but之前有“do”的某种形式，其后不定式不带to。
They have did nothing except wait.除了等待，他们什么也没做。
10、在help后：
Can you help me solve this problem.你能帮我解决这个问题吗?
在以上这10种场合中，不定式均不需要加to。
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1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】
To complete the 30storied building in one year was
quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到
谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master
at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,
inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋
不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of
Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and
master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing,
one’s du�ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)
＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days,
a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示
意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty,
job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one’s health is to have
plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of
the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers
to the city and to provide them with any necessary
information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,
choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,
neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,
seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in
spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels
tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.
The room is designed to be my study,but now it has to
be used as a bedroom for the children.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was
worried about it.
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry
and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)
A) making B) to make
C) to have made D)shavingsmade
mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，
他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，
应用一般式， 因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面
结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel,
find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
4)“wh�word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,
which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，
以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，
这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：
know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,
findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,
perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
【例如】
I couldn’t decide which book to choose. I can tell
youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide
whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt
Sally in New Year.“wh�word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，
还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】
When to start the program remains undecided.
The question is how to put the plansintospractice.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，
来强调这种目的。
【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking
efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.
We must develop science and technology at high speed
so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
Insgroups to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of
exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to,
only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to
find the train already gone.
She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.
No one is too old to learn.
Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to,
be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to,
be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready
to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are
friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：
ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable,
encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have,
inform, invite,let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade,
remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch,
warn, watch等。
【例如】
Because of the complexity of the modern equipments,
most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
I’d never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to,
feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等
动词后面作宾语补语时， 不定式不带to.
【例如】
Whenever something is wrong with you,please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor
girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，
原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume,
believe, know, report, say, suppose等。
【例如】
Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.
(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)
Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve
mathematical problems, compose music, walk through
windows and commit murder in their sleep.
He is reported to have won the 100�meter running race
in the Olympic games.
8)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything,
chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure,
intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure,
right, tendency,time, way等。
【例如】
His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have
no intention to go to the cinema with you.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences
in commercial correspondence.
The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic,
but it also put them under a constant emotional strain.
(CET-4 1997,6)
A) to compete B) competing
C) to be competed D)shavingscompeted
pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作
定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，
而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系， 因此正确答案为A。
特别注意的是在
不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，
要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，
这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身的要求。
【例如】
She is a very nice person to work with.
This is an important issue to talk about.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词
常用不定式作定语。
【例如】
Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office
and the last man to leave.I don’t think he is the best
one to do the work.
9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would
rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t help
but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...
(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，
let alone(更不用说)。
【例如】 You’d better return the books to the library
on time. Otherwise, you will be fined. I can’t help but wish
that nothing would go wrong.
They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.
【例如】
To complete the 30storied building in one year was
quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到
谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master
at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,
inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋
不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of
Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and
master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing,
one’s du�ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)
＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days,
a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示
意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty,
job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one’s health is to have
plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of
the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers
to the city and to provide them with any necessary
information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,
choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,
neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,
seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in
spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels
tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.
The room is designed to be my study,but now it has to
be used as a bedroom for the children.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was
worried about it.
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry
and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)
A) making B) to make
C) to have made D)shavingsmade
mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，
他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，
应用一般式， 因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面
结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel,
find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
4)“wh�word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,
which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，
以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，
这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：
know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,
findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,
perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
【例如】
I couldn’t decide which book to choose. I can tell
youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide
whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt
Sally in New Year.“wh�word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，
还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】
When to start the program remains undecided.
The question is how to put the plansintospractice.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，
来强调这种目的。
【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking
efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.
We must develop science and technology at high speed
so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
Insgroups to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of
exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to,
only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to
find the train already gone.
She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.
No one is too old to learn.
Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to,
be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to,
be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready
to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are
friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：
ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable,
encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have,
inform, invite,let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade,
remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch,
warn, watch等。
【例如】
Because of the complexity of the modern equipments,
most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
I’d never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to,
feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等
动词后面作宾语补语时， 不定式不带to.
【例如】
Whenever something is wrong with you,please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor
girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，
原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume,
believe, know, report, say, suppose等。
【例如】
Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.
(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)
Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve
mathematical problems, compose music, walk through
windows and commit murder in their sleep.
He is reported to have won the 100�meter running race
in the Olympic games.
8)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything,
chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure,
intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure,
right, tendency,time, way等。
【例如】
His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have
no intention to go to the cinema with you.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences
in commercial correspondence.
The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic,
but it also put them under a constant emotional strain.
(CET-4 1997,6)
A) to compete B) competing
C) to be competed D)shavingscompeted
pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作
定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，
而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系， 因此正确答案为A。
特别注意的是在
不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，
要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，
这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身的要求。
【例如】
She is a very nice person to work with.
This is an important issue to talk about.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词
常用不定式作定语。
【例如】
Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office
and the last man to leave.I don’t think he is the best
one to do the work.
9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would
rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t help
but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...
(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，
let alone(更不用说)。
【例如】 You’d better return the books to the library
on time. Otherwise, you will be fined. I can’t help but wish
that nothing would go wrong.
They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.
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定式的全称是“动词不定式”，是一种非限定动词，由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征，同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。 动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，由to＋动词原形构成，但它还是属于动词，所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
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英语中不定式是to+动词原形。
不定式的时态和语态
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1.现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I’ll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2.完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3.进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4.完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
不定式的特殊句型Why not
"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
不定式的时态和语态
时态\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1.现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I’ll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2.完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3.进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4.完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
不定式的特殊句型Why not
"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
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