Question

高中英语的五五种基本句型怎样辨别？

Answer 1

所谓的“五种基本句型”，不只是高中英语里有，而是英语里有；其实汉语中也有。
主系表：This is a book. We are in the room. He is young. She is a teacher of English.
They are to finish the work today. The problem is that I don't know how.
（系动词后面的都是表语，你从例句中看看有什么可以作表语？）
主谓宾：根据宾语的不同又分为四种——主谓结构（无宾语）；主谓+单宾语；主谓+双宾语；主谓+复合宾语。
主谓结构（无宾语）：We work. They study [at school].（at school是状语）
主谓+单宾语：They study French [at school].
We are having breakfast.
I have a pencil and a pencil-sharpener.
He likes to play pingong and basketball.
They thought that you were wrong.
（谓语动词后面的都是宾语，你从例句中看看有什么可以作宾语？不过，这里说的“单宾语”是相对于上面提到的双宾语来说的，并非就指一个宾语，从例句中应该能看出。再看下面关于双宾语的解释会更明白。）
主谓+双宾语：“直接宾语+间接宾语”合称“双宾语”。
He gave me a pen. They asked me a lot of questions.
这两句中，谓语动词gave，asked直接涉及的是什么？那肯定是“给（gave）”的“钢笔（pen）”，“问（asked）”的“问题（ a lot of questions）”，因此叫“直接宾语”，而指人的“me”叫“间接宾语”。再看例句，看看直接宾语是什么：
She showed us her new camera.
I sent my parents an e-mail yesterday.
Xiao Li told us that he got a ticket for the show.
主谓+复合宾语： We found nobody in.
She believes you a good boy.
Theythought him dishonest.
在这两句中，谓语动词found，thought直接涉及的是nobody，you，him（是宾语），而不是后面的词in，a good boy，dishonest，这和前面的带双宾语的句子有明显的不同。 后面的词in，a good boy，dishonest是对宾语nobody，you，him的补充，意即“发现（found）”“nobody”“怎么了（in）”；“认为（believes）”you"（是）怎样的（a good boy）“；”觉得（thought）“him"怎么样（dishonest）"。再看：（给你把宾语变长一点）
We think for them to finish the work today difficult. ------We think it difficult for them to finish the work today.
We think that they finish the wor today difficult. ------We think it difficult that they finish the wor today.
应该能看明白吧。
长句子都是通过加入更多的句子成分，在基本句子的基础上延伸而来的。句子成分（谓语除外）可以是一个词，一个短语，或者一个句子。这些东西如果真地领会透了，你的英语会有很大的进步的，学起来也就很轻松了，做题容易自然就不在话下了。
祝你进步！