英语中的完全倒装和部分倒装分别是什么?
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一、部分倒装 将谓语中的助动词或情态动词置于主语之前,就是部分倒装。部分倒装通常出现在以下场合:
2. “ only + 状语 / 状语从句”位于句首时,句卜散子的主语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如: Only yesterday afternoon did I finish my experiment.
3. 表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时,主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如: Never shall I do the same thing again. Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
4. 在含有 had , were , should 的虚拟条件句中,可以省略 if ,将 had , were , should 放在主语之前,构成部分倒装。例如: Had you come here, you would have met the film star. Were I you, I would take the money. Should any one come to set me free, I would make him very rich.
5. 在 so … that …句式中,如果 so 引导的部分前置,主句中的主语和谓语需用部分倒装。例如: So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
6. 当 so, neither, nor 位于句首时,可将其后与上面重复的谓语的一部分置于主语之前,构成部分倒装。例如: — He has been to Beijing. — So have I. — Liu Jia can't answer the question. — Neither/Nor can Lai Fan. 说明: 1 ) so 位于句首时,具备三个条件才可以将主语和谓语部分倒装:① so 表示“也”的意思;②上句是简单句的肯定句;③上句的主语和 so 引导的句子主语不同。如果 so 所在的分句的主语与上句的主语相同,这时 so 的意思是“的确”, so 分句中的主、谓语无须倒装。例如: — Jenny has decided to turn in the wallet. — So she has. 2 )上面的句子有两个或两个以上的分句,而且这些分句中的谓语动词又不属于同一类型,但它们所陈述的情况也适合另一个人或物时,常用的结构为: So it is/was with … 例如: — Li Juan is a pretty girl and she studies in No.1 Middle School of Enshi. — So it is with Meng Lu.
二、完全倒装 将整个谓语部分置于主语之前即为完全倒装。这种完全倒装的语序出现在下列场合:
1. away , down , up , in , out 等副词位于句首且主语为名词时,可将 come , go 等表示位置转移的动词放在主语之做槐前;但主语为代词时,主语和谓语不倒装。例如: The door opened and in came the teacher. Down he sat by the table.
2. here 和 there 位于句首,且主语为名词时,可将主语和纯弊友谓语全部倒装。例如: Here is your rice. There goes the bell.
3. 当句首的表语或状语是表示地点的介词短语时,句子中的主语和谓语要全部倒装。例如: On the front wall is a blackboard. On the back wall hangs a map of China.
4. 有时为了使上下文紧密衔接,也要用完全倒装。例如: They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
5. 直接引语前置,引导语中的主语是名词时,主语、谓语通常要完全倒装。
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