Question

请教语法问题 English

什么时候该用that 或 whose 或 who、what、when、which来引导从句？

Answer 1

when是关系副词，引导时间状语从句。1．关系代词who、which、that在定语从句中作主语时不能省略，

作宾语时，特别是在口语中可以省略。如：

I like the film (which) I saw last night. 我喜欢昨晚看的那部电影。

The book (which/that) you lent me is very interesting. 你借给我的那本书很有趣。

2．关系代词whom、which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可放在whom、which之前，

也可放在定语从句中谓语动词及宾语的后面原来的位置上。当关系代词被省略时，介词必须放在定语从句后面。如：

This is the room in which they lived last year.

或This is the room which they lived in last year. 这是他们去年住的房间。

Is this the key which she was looking for? 这是她刚才找的那把钥匙吗？

I know the woman (whom) you talked to just now. 我认识刚才跟你说话的那个妇女。

注：但含有介词短语的动词一般不能分开。如：

The children whom the nurses look after are very healthy.

护士们照料的那些孩子们都很健康。

She was the teacher (whom) I had been waiting for. 她就是我一直在等的那位老师。

3．关系代词that在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，而只能放在从句中原来的位置上。

如：

This is the room that he lived in last year. 这就是他去年住的那个房间。

Melissa is the student that I borrowed the book from. 梅利莎就是我借书的那个学生

4．关系代词通常紧跟在先行词之后，但有时在先行词与关系代词之间插入其他成分。注意区别：

He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。

（定语从句中的who代替he，在从句中作主语）

There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.

天空中有成千上万颗像太阳一样的恒星。（先行词stars、that在定语从句中作主语，

in the sky是地点状语）

Answer 2

用that是先行词是人或物， whose是在句子中做宾语，who是做主语，what是先行词是物，when是时间副词，which“哪一（类）（个）”。做这些从句时，先看看先行词是什么再选引导词，也不迟。