动词不定式作定语详解
1、不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如:
①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
下班车来自华盛顿。
②Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?
有什么需要带给你妹妹的么?
③Do you have anything to say on the question?
对这个问题你有什么想说的么?
④Would you please give me some paper to write on?
你能给我一些纸么?
⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
我去法国旅行的愿望终于实现了。
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:
(1)表示将来的动作(例①)。
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④)。
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②)。
(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。
扩展资料
1、不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy.他看起来好象很高兴。(同时发生)
To catch the train,we’d better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车,我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
(to catch the train 发生在hurry to the station 之后.
2、不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
I’m glad to be travelling with you.我很高兴和你一起旅游。
3、不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.对我来说,应邀来你们国家是一件很荣耀的事。
4、不定式的完成进行式
不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生并且一直进行着。
He was said to have been living in London for 20 years.据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。
参考资料:百度百科-动词不定式
推荐于2017-11-26
不定式及其短语作定语,与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一个将来的动作,有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。
一些名词后常用不定式作定语,如:chance(机会),way(方法),time(时间)等;另外,the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰的代词后,也常用不定式作定语。
不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主谓关系;有的是动宾关系;有的是动状关系,还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。
1、主谓关系的
(1)We must find a person to do the work.
(2) There is no one to take care of her.
(3) In my family,my mother is always the first one to get up.
(4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
(5) We need someone to go and get a doctor.
2、动宾关系的
如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意:是及物动词的,后面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。
(1) He has a lot of books to read.
(2) I would like a magazine to look at.
(3) Here is some advice for you to follow.
(4) Do you have anything else to say?
(5) There is no one to take care of.
(6) She has nothing to worry about.
3、动状关系的
被修饰词如果是不定式里动词的状语,应多用介词短语。由于被修饰词前没有介词,所以只能在不定式里的动词后加介词。
(1)Please give me some paper to write on.
(2) Let"s find a room to put these things in
(3) I have no house to live in.
(4) He has no pen to write with.
(5) There are five pairs to choose from.
4、不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的
被修饰词与不定式里的动词不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系的,被修饰词多是些抽象名词。
(1)I have no time to go to the movie.
(2)There"s no need to send for a doctor.
(3) Where"s the best place to meet?
(4) Is that the way to do it?
(5) I"m not sure about his ability to complete the task alone 但是只能做后置定语.不可能前置的。
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1、不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
He told me he had a composition to write.
I want to get something to drink.
由上述例句得知,此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词,其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。如:
Will you please bring me a chair to sit on?
She has nothing to worry about.
2、不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:
He was the last one to arrive.
Is there anyone to take care of the children.
例句中的不定式动作的逻辑主语分别是one和anyone。此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。如: Among the men to take part in the work(==Among the men who are to take part in the work),he is probably the most active.
3、不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于不定式所做某种事情的。如:
We have got a new way to kill field mice.
I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown.
可以看出,way是用来to kill field mice, chance是用来 to go to his hometown。因此,这种类型的不定式译法较灵活。可译作“…的”或“来/去…”等。如:
She has no time to see the film.