元旦的来历（英文对照版）
元旦在我国汉语中是一个合成词，元是开始或第一的意思。旦是一个象形字，表示太阳从地平线上升起。我国殷商时代的青铜器上有旦的象形字了。 每年公历的1月1日，人们称它为“元旦”，原来在汉语里，“元”是开始，也就是第一;“旦”是一天或早晨的意思，两字合称就是指新年的第一天了。
但这从一开始就并不是固定的。 元旦节的来历 在历法上，人们习惯称地球绕太阳转1周为1年。但是由于地球绕太阳运转没有固定的起点和终点，所以一年的起点和终点都是人为规定的，这就造成了各种历法的不一致。相传“元旦”一词来自我国最早的皇帝之一——颛顼，他规定以农历正月为“元”，初一为“旦”。
后来有的朝代对元旦的日期有所变更，但原则上还是以每年的第一天为元旦，如夏代以正月初一为元旦，但商代以12月初一为元旦，而周代又以11月初一为元旦，秦代以10月初一为元旦。直到西汉武帝时，大历史学家司马迁等人重新制定历法，并规定每年正月初一为元旦，从此历代不改。
1911年辛亥革命成功后，决定采用国际通行的公历，于是将农历元旦改为“春节”，而把公历的1月1日称为元旦。新中国成立之时，开始正式使用“公元纪年法”，把每年公历的1月1日定为元旦。 现在，世界上大多数国家把每年1月1日作为元旦，因为他们多采用了国际通行的公历。但也有一些国家和民族由于本地的历法传统及宗教信仰、风俗习惯、季节气候的不同，因而他们的元旦日期也不一样，这也使得这个世界多姿多彩，更显民族的特色了。
元旦是全世界人民传统的新年。元旦，就是一年的头一天。元旦是合成词，拆开来讲，元是第一或开始的意思，旦字的原意是一轮红日从地面升起。 在中国，元旦这一名称，都说起自传说中三皇五帝之一的颛顼，他以农历正月为元，初一为旦。
据《史记》载：夏代以正月初一为元旦;周代以十一月初一为元旦;秦以十月初一为元旦。辛亥革命后，我国把正月初一称作春节，公历1月1日叫新年，不称元旦。直到1949年9月27日，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过使用公元纪年法，才又将公历1月1日正式定为元旦，农历正月初一定为春节。
阴历的祖先埃及历，把天狼星和太阳一同升起的那天作为元旦;阿富汗把春分作为元旦;犹太人把秋分作为元旦;而寒带的爱斯基摩人的元旦是不固定的，他们把第一次下雨作为元旦。公元前46年，罗马皇帝儒略·凯撒制定儒略历，开始时他把冬至作为元旦。但是，人们坚持要把朔日作为元旦，因此就把元旦延到冬至后10天。
They recorded this time on bamboo poles each time, and learned that the two flooding times were separated by about 365 days. At the same time, it was also discovered that when the rising tide of the Nile came near the city of Cairo today, it was also the time when the sun and Sirius rose from the horizon at the same time.
As a result, the ancient Egyptians set this day as the beginning of the year. This is the earliest origin of New Year's Day.
New Year's Day is a compound word in Chinese, and Yuan is the beginning or the first meaning. But it is a pictograph that shows that the sun rises from the horizon.
There are Dan's pictographs on the bronze wares of the Shang Dynasty in China. On January 1 of the Gregorian calendar every year, people call it "New Year's Day." In Chinese, "Yuan" is the beginning, that is, the first; "Dan" means a day or morning, and the word means the first day of the New Year.
But it wasn't fixed from the start. The origin of New Year's Day is in the calendar. People are used to saying that the earth rotates around the sun for 1 week.
However, because there is no fixed starting point and ending point for the earth to orbit the sun, the starting point and ending point of the year are man-made, which causes inconsistencies in various calendars. According to legend, the word "New Year's Day" comes from one of the earliest emperors in our country-Yi. He stipulated that the first month of the lunar calendar is "Yuan" and the first day is "Dan".
Later, some dynasties changed the date of the New Year's Day, but in principle, the first day of each year was the New Year's Day. For example, the Xia Dynasty used the first day of the first month as the New Year's Day, but the Shang Dynasty used the first day of December as the New Year's Day, and the Zhou Dynasty used the first day of November as the New Year's Day.
The Qin Dynasty used the first day of October as the New Year's Day. Until the time of Emperor Han of the Western Han Dynasty, the great historian Sima Qian and others redefined the calendar and stipulated that the first day of the first month of each year was New Year's Day.
After the successful Revolution of 1911 in 1911, it was decided to adopt the internationally accepted Gregorian calendar, so the Lunar New Year's Day was changed to the "Spring Festival" and the January 1st of the Gregorian calendar was called New Year's Day. When New China was founded, it began to formally use the "Year of the Year Act" and set January 1 of the Gregorian calendar as New Year's Day.
Nowadays, most countries in the world regard January 1 as New Year's Day because they have adopted the internationally accepted Gregorian calendar. However, there are also some countries and ethnic groups whose New Year's Day dates are not the same because of their local calendar traditions, religious beliefs, customs, and seasonal climate. This also makes the world colorful and shows the characteristics of the nation.
New Year's Day is a traditional New Year for people all over the world. New Year's Day is the first day of the year. New Year's Day is a compound word. In terms of opening, Yuan is the first or beginning meaning.
The original meaning of the word is that a red day rises from the ground. In China, the name of New Year's Day is spoken of from the legend of one of the three emperors and five emperors. He uses the first month of the lunar calendar as the yuan and the first day as Dan.
According to "Historical Records", the Xia Dynasty used the first day of the first month as New Year's Day; The Zhou Dynasty used the first day of November as the New Year's Day; Qin used the first day of October as New Year's Day.
After the Revolution of 1911, China called the first day of the first month of the Spring Festival, the Gregorian calendar on January 1 called the New Year, not called New Year's Day.
It was not until September 27, 1949 that the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference passed the use of the Year of the AD law before formally setting the Gregorian calendar on January 1 as New Year's Day. The first month of the lunar calendar must be the Spring Festival.
The Egyptian calendar, the ancestor of the lunar calendar, regards the day when Sirius and the sun rise together as New Year's Day; The Afghan vernal equinox as New Year's Day; Jews use the equinox as New Year's Day; The frigid Eskimos 'New Year's Day is not fixed. They regard the first rain as New Year's Day.
In 46 BC, the Roman emperor Julian Caesar formulated the Julian calendar. At the beginning, he used the winter solstice as New Year's Day. However, people insist that the new day should be New Year's Day, so the New Year's Day should be extended to 10 days after the winter solstice.
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关于元旦的来历，最早可以追溯到远古的尧舜时期，还要从尧舜时期的禅让制说。
尧帝在位时，勤政于民，治理天下有方，深得百姓爱戴，但其子无能，所以将帝位让给德才兼备的舜，后来舜把帝位传给治水有功的禹。
人们把尧死后，舜帝祭祀天地和先帝尧的那一天，当作一年的开始之日，把正月初一称为“元旦”，或“元正”。
The origin of New Year's Day can be traced back to the ancient Yao and Shun period, but also from the Zen system of Yao and Shun period.
During the reign of Emperor Yao, he worked diligently for the people, managed the world well, and was deeply loved by the people, but his son was incompetent. Therefore, he gave up the throne to Shun, who had both ability and political integrity, and later Shun passed the throne to Yu, who was active in water control.
People regard the day when Shun Di sacrificed to Heaven and Earth and Emperor Yao after Yao's death as the beginning of the year, and call the first day of the first month " New Year's Day" or " Yuan Zheng".
元旦的来历
我国历代元旦的月日并不一致。夏代在正月初一，商代在十二月初一，周代在十一月初一，秦始皇统一六国后，又以十月初一日为元旦，自此历代相沿未改（《史记》）。汉武帝太初元年时，司马迁创立了“太初历”，这才又以正月初一为元旦，和夏代规定一样，所以又称“夏历”，一直沿用到辛亥革命。
中华民国建立，孙中山为了“行夏正，所以顺农时；从西历，所以便统计”，定正月初一（元旦）为春节，而以西历（公历）1月1日为新年。
1949 年9 月27 日,中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过使用“公元纪年法”,将农历正月初一称“春节”,将公历1 月1 日定为“元旦”。
China's ancient New Year's Day is not the same month. In the first lunar month started this summer on behalf of the Shang dynasty who started in December, Zhou who started in November, after the emperor Tongyiliuguo so, on New Year's Day a day in early October and since then successive Xiangyan not changed and ( "Historical Records"). The first year of Emperor Wu was in the beginning, the Sima Qian, the creation of a "calendar was in the beginning," This Youyi who started for the first month in the New Year, and the summer on behalf of the provisions of the same, so called "traditional Chinese lunar calendar," has been in use to the 1911 Revolution.
The establishment of the Republic of China Sun Yat-sen in order to "line XIA, so shun farming season; from the Western calendar, so they Statistics", will be the first month started this (New Year's Day) for the Spring Festival, while the west of the calendar (Gregorian calendar) January 1 as New Year's.
September 27, 1949, the First Plenary Session of the CPPCC through the use of the "Year Annals Law," who started the first lunar month, called "Spring Festival" will Gregorian calendar January 1 as the "New Year's Day."
新年开始的第一天。世界各地依当地的宗教、文化以及社会习俗对这一天加以庆祝。通常会举行仪式来象征抛弃旧的一年并庆祝新的一年。犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教使用各自不同的历法，因此在不同的日子里来庆祝元旦。在西方，公历的1月1日是公认的元旦。犹太教元旦又称岁首节，以提市黎月初一为元旦，这一天有可能是公历9月6日至10月5日之间的任何一天。穆斯林的元旦则是穆哈兰圣月的第一天，由于伊斯兰教采用的是阴历，这一天相对于公历来说是逐年退行的。中国的农历新年通常是在公历的1月末或2月初，节庆活动往往持续很多天，包括用放鞭炮的方式来驱魔、演戏以及祭祀祖先和众神。
New Year's Day
First day of the new year, celebrated with religious, cultural, and social observances around the world.
It is usually marked by rites and ceremonies that symbolize casting off the old year and rejoicing in the new. Most of the world recognizes January 1 as the start of a new year because the Gregorian calendar, from its papal origin in 1582, has become the international reference for treaties, corporate contracts, and other legal documents. Nevertheless, numerous religious and national calendars have been retained. For example, in the Persian calendar (used in Iran and Afghanistan) New Year's Day falls on the spring equinox (March 20 or 21 in the Gregorian calendar). The more widely employed Islamic (Hijrī) calendar is based on 12 lunar months of 29 or 30 days; thus, the Islamic New Year's Day gradually regresses through the longer Gregorian calendar. The Hindu new year starts on the day following the first new moon on or after the spring equinox. The Chinese new year begins at sunset on the new moon in the sign of Aquarius (late January or early February). The Hebrew calendar is based on 12 lunar months (13 in certain years) of 29 or 30 days; the Jewish New Year's Day, or Rosh Hashanah, can fall anytime from September 6 to October 5 in the Gregorian calendar.
世界上多数国家都把公历1月1日称为元旦，做为新年的开始。但是各国元旦来临的时间并不一样，原因是地球围着太阳公转，同时又从西向东自转，各地出现黎明、白昼、黄昏、黑夜的时刻都不相同，因此全世界“元旦”的时间不可能统一。譬如，当我们在北京时间零点新年钟声中，互相祝贺新年来临的时刻，美国华盛顿才是12月31日上午11时；英国伦敦正是12月31日下午4时；而日本东京已经是1月1日凌晨1时了，他们已经迎接过新年了。
世界上也有一些国家，不以1月1日为元旦，而是以大自然某些现象、宗教信仰、风俗习惯为依据确定元旦的日期。如埃及人把尼罗河水上涨的那一天定为元旦，称为“涨水元旦”；居住在北极圈内冰天雪地中的爱斯基摩人，由于当地终年积雪，不知春天和夏天，一年内仅有一段短暂的时间不飘雪花，他们就把雪花暂停之后，又开始飘雪花的那一天为元旦；印度的元旦定在11月之初，他们的民族传统节日“和利节”这一天为元旦；老挝的元旦定在阳历4月中旬佛历“宋干节”那一天；在叙利亚，人们把9月里月亮圆的那一天作为元旦；更有趣的是非洲乌干达，由于他们国家每六个月就有雨、旱两季，所以他们定六个月为一年，并且定在雨季到来的第一天为元旦，这样，他们一年就要过两次元旦
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