高考英语考点有哪些?

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语法项目表

1.词类

1)名词 2)形容词 3)副词 4)动词 5)代词 6)冠词 7)数词 8)介词 9)连词 10)感叹词

2.名词

1)可数和不可数名词 2)名词的复数形式 3)专有名词 4)所有格

3.代词

1)人称代词 2)物主代词 3)反身代词 4)指示代词 5)不定代词 6)疑问代词

4.数词

1)基数词 2)序数词

5.介词

6.连词

7.形容词

1)形容词作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法

2)比较等级:原级、比较级、最高级

8.副词

1)时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等副词的用法

2)比较等级:原级、比较级、最高级

9.冠词的一般用法

10.动词

1)动词的基本形式

(1)现在式 (2)过去式 (3)过去分词 (4)-ing形式

2)行为动词的及物性和不及物性

3)连系动词be, get, look, seem, turn, grow, become等

4)助动词be, do, have, shall, will等

5)情态动词can, may, must, ought, need, dare等

6)动词的时态

(1)一般现在时 (2)一般过去时 (3)一般将来时 (4)现在进行时 (5)过去进行时 (6)现在完成时 (7)过去完成时 (8)过去将来时

7)动词的被动语态

(1)一般现在时的被动语态 (2)一般过去时的被动语态 (3)一般将来时的被动语态 (4)现在进行时的被动语态 (5)现在完成时的被动语态 (6)带情态动词的被动语态

8)动词的不定式

(1)作主语 (2)作宾语 (3)作宾语补足语 (4)作状语 (5)作定语 (6)作表语 (7)用在how, when, where, what,which, who, whether等后面

9)动词的过去分词

(1)作定语 (2)作表语 (3)作宾语补足语 (4)作状语

10)动词的-ing形式

(1)作主语 (2)作宾语 (3)作宾语补足语 (4)作表语 (5)作定语 (6)作状语

11.句子

1)句子的种类

(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式) (2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句) (3)祈使句 (4)感叹句

2)句子的成分

(1)主语 (2)谓语 (3)表语 (4)宾语 (5)直接宾语和间接宾语 (6)宾语补足语 (7)定语 (8)状语

3)主谓的一致关系

4)简单句的五种基本句型

5)并列句

6)复合句

(1)名词性从句 (2)状语从句 (3)定语从句

7)倒装句

8)省略句

12.构词法

1)合成法blackboard, man-made, overthrow, however, everyone

2)转换法hand(n.)-hand(v.), break(v.)-break(n.) empty(adj.)-empty(v.)

3)派生法

(1)加前缀:dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-

(2)加后缀:-able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -ese, -st, -ment, -ness, -tion, -fy, -ian, -ing, -is(z)e, -ly, -teen, -ty, -th, -y
匿名用户
2016-02-20
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  识在于积累、学习在于思考
  
  
  1
  2015
  年高考英语语法单选超级归纳
  
  一、冠词
  
  冠词分为不定冠词(
  a, an
  )
  ,定冠词(
  the
  )
  ,和零冠词。
  
  I.
  不定冠词的用法
  
  1
  指一类人或事,相当于
  a kind of
  A plane is a machine that can fly.
  2
  第一次提及某人某物,非特指
  
  A boy is waiting for you.
  有个男孩在等你。
  
  3
  表示“每一”相当于
  every
  ,
  one
  We study eight hours a day.
  4
  表示“相同”相当于
  the same
  We are nearly of an age.
  5
  用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或
  事
  
  —
  
  Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
  —
  Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
  A.
  不填
  
  
  
  
  
  B. a
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  C. the
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  D. one
  That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
  (活雷锋)
  
  6
  用于固定词组中
  
  a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
  7
  用于
  quite, rather, many, half, what, such
  之后
  
  This room is rather a big one.
  8
  用于
  so(as, too, how)+
  形容词之后
  
  She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
  9
  用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
  
  success(
  抽象名词
  )
  →
  a success(
  具体化
  )
  
  成功的人或事
  
  a failure
  失败的人或事
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  a shame
  
  带来耻辱的人或事
  
  a pity
  
  可惜或遗憾的事
  
  
  
  
  
  
  a must
  必需必备的事
  
  a good knowledge of
  精通掌握某一方面的知识
  
  II.
  定冠词的用法
  
  1
  表示某一类人或物
  
  In
  many
  places
  in
  China,
  ___
  bicycle
  is
  still
  ___
  popular
  means
  of
  transportation.
  A. a; the
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  B. /; a
  
  
  
  
  
  
  C. the; a
  
  
  
  
  
  D. the; the
  
  2
  用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
  
  the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
  3
  表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
  
  Would you mind opening the door?
  
  4
  用于演奏乐器
  
  play the violin, play the guitar
  5
  用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
  
  the reach, the living, the wounded
  6
  表示“一家人”或“夫妇”
  (对比上文的不定冠词用法
  5
  )
  
  —
  Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
  —
  Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
  
  
  A. the; the
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  B. the; a
  
  
  
  
  
  
  C. /; the
  
  
  D. the; /
  7
  用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前
  
  He is the taller of the two children.
  8
  用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前
  
  the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
  9
  用于表示发明物的单数名词前
  
  The compass was invented in China.
  10
  在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代
  
  in the 1990’s
  (
  二十世纪九十年代
  )
  11
  用于表示度量单位的名词前
  
  I hired the car by the hour.
  12
  用于方位名词,身体部位名词
  
  He patted me on the shoulder.
  III.
  不用冠词(又名零冠词)的用法
  
  1
  专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前
  
  Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
  2
  名词前有
  this, my, whose, some, no, each, every
  等限制
  
  I want this book, not that one. /
  
  Whose purse is this?
  3
  季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前
  
  March, Sunday, National Day, spring
  4
  表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前
  
  Lincoln was made President of America.
  5
  表示球类,棋类等运动的名词前
  
  He likes playing football/chess.
  6
  与
  by
  连用表示交通方式的名词前
  
  We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving
  across ______ continent.
  
  A. the; the
  
  B.
  不填;
  the
  
  
  
  C. the;
  不填
  
  D.
  不填;不填
  
  7
  以
  and
  连接的两个相对的名词并用时
  
  husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

  知识在于积累、学习在于思考
  
  
  2
  8
  
  表示泛指的复数名词前
  
  Horses are useful animals.
  二、
  名词和主谓一致
  
  I.
  名词的种类
  
  专有名词
  
  普通名词
  
  国名地名人名,团体机构名称
  
  可数名词
  
  不可数名词
  
  个体名词
  
  集体名词
  
  抽象名词
  
  物质名词
  
  特别注意名词类别的相互转换
  
  个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换
  
  例
  
  
  
  句
  
  意
  
  
  义
  
  名词性质
  
  ①
  She held some flowers in her hand.
  ②
  The trees are now in flower
  花儿
  
  个体名词
  
  开花
  
  抽象名词
  
  ①
  Youth is beautiful.
  ②
  He is a youth of twenty
  青春
  
  抽象名词
  
  年轻人
  
  个体名词
  
  ①
  They have achieved remarkable success in their work.
  ②
  —
  How about the Christmas evening party?
  
  
  —
  I should say it was a success.
  
  
  成功
  
  抽象名词
  
  成功的事
  
  个体名词
  
  物质名词与个体名词的相互转换
  
  例
  
  
  
  句
  
  意
  
  
  义
  
  名词性质
  
  ①
  Iron is a kind of metal.
  ②
  Please lend me your iron.
  铁
  
  物质名词
  
  熨斗
  
  个体名词
  
  ①
  He broke a piece of glass.
  ②
  He broke a glass.
  玻璃
  
  物质名词
  
  玻璃杯
  
  个体名词
  
  ①
  I bought a chicken this morning
  ②
  Please help yourself to some chicken
  小鸡
  
  个体名词
  
  鸡肉
  
  物质名词
  
  抽象名词与个体名词的转换
  
  具有动作意义的抽象名词加用
  与某些动词(如:
  have
  等)连
  
  用,表示某一次短暂的动作
  
  ①—
  I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.
  
  —
  Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful
  A.some,a
  
  
  
  
  
  B.an,some
  
  
  
  
  
  C.some,some
  
  
  
  
  D.an,a
  ②
  They sent us
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  word of the latest happenings.
  消息
  
  (抽象名词)
  
  A.a
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  B.an
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  C./
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  D.the
  ③
  Could we have
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  word before you go to the meeting?
  话(个体名词)
  
  A.a
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  B.an
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  C./
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  D.the
  类例:
  have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look
  take a walk/a bath
  
  make an advance(
  进步
  )/make an early start(
  早点出发
  )
  /make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(
  发出痛苦的叫声
  ) /give a try
  表示知识和时间的抽象名词转
  换为普通名词时可以用来表示
  
  其中的一部分
  
  ①
  Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today.
  A.a,
  
  /
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  B.the, an
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  C.the, the
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  D. /, the
  a knowledge of truth(
  知道实际情况
  )
  give a fuller knowledge of China(
  提供关于中国更为翔实的知识
  )
  have a knowledge of shorthand(
  有速记的知识
  )
  
  ②
  If there were no examination, we should have______at school.
  A.the happiest time
  
  
  
  B.a more happier time
  
  
  
  C.much happiest time
  
  D.a much happier time
  ③
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  is money.
  
  
  A.The time
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  B.A time
  
  
  
  
  
  C.Time
  
  
  
  
  
  D.Times
  抽象名词转换为普通名词可用
  来表示“一次、一阵、一种”
  具体的行为、事件、现象或结
  
  果。这时名词前往往有形容词
  修饰
  
  ①
  Oh, John. _____you gave me!
  A.How a pleasant surprise
  
  
  
  
  B.How pleasant surprise
  
  C.What a pleasant surprise
  
  
  
  
  D. What pleasant surprise
  ②
  She looked up
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  when I shouted.
  A.in a surprise
  
  
  
  
  
  B.in the surprise
  
  
  
  
  
  C.in surprise
  
  
  
  
  
  
  D.in some surprise
  其它例子:
  The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise
  ③
  It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.
  A.so unusual
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  B. such unusual
  
  
  
  
  
  C.such an unusual
  
  
  D.so an unusual
  II.
  名词的数
  
  规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加
  -s
  或
  -es
  (参看有关语法书)
  。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,请
  看下表
  
  规
  
  
  
  
  则
  
  例
  
  
  
  
  词
  
  1
  改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
  
  man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
  
  2
  单复数相同
  
  sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species
  
  3
  只有复数形式
  
  ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents

  知识在于积累、学习在于思考
  
  
  3
  4
  一些集体名词总是用作复数
  
  people, police, cattle, staff
  5
  部分集体名词既可以作单数
  (整体)
  也可以作复数
  (成
  员)
  
  audience,
  class,
  family,
  crowd,
  couple,
  group,
  committee,
  government,
  population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
  6
  复数形式表示特别含义
  
  customs(
  海关
  ),
  forces(
  军队
  ),
  times(
  时代
  ),
  spirits(
  情绪
  ),
  drinks(
  饮料
  ),
  sands(
  沙滩
  ),
  papers(
  文件报纸
  ),
  manners(
  礼貌
  ),
  looks(
  外表
  ),
  brains(
  头脑
  智力
  ), greens(
  青菜
  ), ruins(
  废墟
  )
  7
  表示
  “某国人”
  
  加
  -s
  Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
  单复数同形
  
  Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
  以
  -man
  或
  -woman
  结
  尾
  的
  改
  为
  -men,-women
  Englishmen, Frenchwomen
  8
  合成名词
  
  将主体名词变为复数
  
  sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
  无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数
  
  grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
  将两部分变为复数
  
  women singers, men servants
  III.
  主谓一致
  
  规则
  
  情
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  况
  
  举
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  例
  
  语
  
  
  
  
  法
  
  
  
  
  一
  
  
  
  
  致
  
  
  
  
  原
  
  
  
  
  
  则
  
  以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,
  动名词短语或从句作主
  语时,
  谓语动词一般用单数形式;
  主语为复数时,
  谓语动词
  
  用复数形式。
  
  His father is working on the farm.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  To study English well is not easy.
  Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
  
  
  
  What he said is very important for us all.
  
  由
  what
  引导的主语从句,
  后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,
  但若表语是复数或
  what
  从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构
  时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
  
  what I bought were three English books.
  
  
  
  What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.
  由连接词
  and
  或
  both
  „
  and
  连接起来的主语后面,
  要用复数
  形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物
  
  时,它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由
  and
  连接的并列单数
  主
  语
  前
  如
  果
  分
  别
  有
  no,
  each,
  every
  或
  more
  than
  a
  (an)/one,many
  a
  (an)
  修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
  either, neither, each, every
  或
  no+
  单数名词和由
  some, any no,
  every
  构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。
  .
  Lucy and Lily are twins
  The writer and artist has come.
  Every student and every teach is in the classroom.
  Many a boy and many a girl likes it.
  No boy and no girl likes it.
  Each of us has a new book.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Is everyone here today?
  Somebody is speaking in class.
  
  
  
  Everything around us is matter
  若
  none
  of
  后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单
  数。若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可
  以。
  
  None of the sugar was left.
  
  
  
  
  None of us has (have) been to America.
  在定语从句里,关系代词
  that, who, which
  等作主语时,其
  谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
  
  Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.
  He is one of my friends who are working hard.
  He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.
  在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致
  
  It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.
  It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.
  如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数形式;
  
  如果它指的集体的成员,其谓语动词用复数形式
  
  The police are looking for the lost child.
  
  
  
  The cattle are eating grass in the field.
  His family has moved to the south .(
  他的一家
  )
  
  His family are watching TV.
  (他的家人)
  
  Class four is on the third floor.
  (四班)
  
  
  Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
  (四班的学生)
  
  由
  a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the
  majority
  of+
  名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数
  +
  名词构
  成的短语作主语时,
  其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词
  的数而定。
  
  There are a lot of people in the classroom.
  
  
  
  
  
  Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
  50 percent of the students in our class are girls.
  此外,还有
  a number of +
  复数名词有类似的用法(用复数)
  ,但
  the number of +
  复数名词的数就得依
  number
  而定(用单数)
  。
  
  A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick
  apples.
  The number of pages in this book is three hundred.
  在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致
  
  There comes the bus.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  On the wall are many pictures.
  Such is the result.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Such are the facts.
  Between the two hills stands a monument.
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